Budget Formulation involves involves all activities undertaken to determine priorities for future spending and to develop an itemized forecast of future funding and expenditures during a targeted period of time. This includes the collection and use of performance information to assess the effectiveness of programs and develop budget priorities.

Capital Planning involves the processes for ensuring that appropriate investments are selected for capital expenditures.

Enterprise Architecture is an established process for describing the current state and defining the target state and transition strategy for an organization’s people, processes, and technology.

Strategic Planning entails the determination of annual and long-term goals and the identification of the best approach for achieving those goals.

Budget Execution involves day-to-day requisitions and obligations for agency expenditures, invoices, billing dispute resolution, reconciliation, service level agreements, and distributions of shared expenses.

Workforce Planning involves the processes for identifying the workforce competencies required to meet the agency’s strategic goals and for developing the strategies to meet these requirements.

Management Improvement includes all efforts to gauge the ongoing efficiency of business processes and identify opportunities for reengineering or restructuring.