Management of Government Resources Management of Government Resources refers to the back-office support activities that enable the government to operate efficiently. Administrative Management Administrative Management involves the day-to-day management and maintenance of the internal infrastructure. Facilities, Fleet and Equipment Management Facilities, Fleet, and Equipment Management involves the maintenance, administration, and operation of office buildings, fleets, machinery, and other capital assets that are possessions of the Federal Government. Help Desk Services Help Desk Services involves the management of a service center to respond to government and contract employees' technical and administrative questions. Security Management Security Management involves the physical protection of an organizations personnel, assets, and facilities. Travel Travel involves the activities associated with planning, preparing, and monitoring of business related travel for an organization?s employees. Workplace Policy Development and Management Workplace Policy Development and Management includes all activities required to develop and disseminate workplace policies such as dress codes, time reporting requirements, telecommuting, etc. None None Financial Management The use of financial information to measure, operate and predict the effectiveness and efficiency of an entity's activities in relation to its objectives. The ability to obtain and use such information is usually characterized by having in place policies, practices, standards, and a system of controls that reliably capture and report activity in a consistent manner. Accounting Accounting entails accounting for assets, liabilities, fund balances, revenues and expenses associated with the maintenance of federal funds and expenditure of federal appropriations (Salaries and Expenses, Operation and Maintenance, Procurement, Working Capital, Trust Funds, etc.), in accordance with applicable Federal standards (FASAB, Treasury, OMB, GAO, etc.) Asset and Liability Management Assets and Liability Management provides accounting support for the management of assets and liabilities of the Federal government. Funds Control Funds Control includes the management of the federal budget process including the development of plans and programs, budgets, and performance outputs as well as financing federal programs and operations through appropriation and apportionment of direct and reimbursable spending authority, fund transfers, investments and other financing mechanisms. Collections and Receivables Collections and Receivables includes- deposits, fund transfers, and receipts for sales or service. Payments Payments include disbursements of federal funds, via a variety of mechanisms, to federal and private individuals, federal agencies, state, local and international governments, and the private sector, to effect payment for goods and services, or distribute entitlements, benefits, grants, subsidies, loans, or claims. Reporting and Information Reporting and Information includes providing financial information, reporting and analysis of financial transactions. Cost Accounting / Performance Measurement Cost Accounting / Performance Measurement is the process of accumulating, measuring, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting cost information useful to both internal and external groups concerned with the way in which an organization uses, accounts for, safeguards, and controls its resources to meet its objectives. Cost accounting information is necessary in establishing strategic goals, measuring service efforts and accomplishments, and relating efforts to accomplishments. Also, cost accounting, financial accounting, and budgetary accounting all draw information from common data sources. None None Human Resource Management Human Resource Management involves all activities associated with the recruitment and management of personnel. HR Strategy HR Strategy develops effective human capital management strategies to ensure federal organizations are able to recruit, select, develop, train, and manage a high-quality, productive workforce in accordance with merit system principles. This sub-function includes: conducting both internal and external environmental scans; developing human resources and human capital strategies and plans; establishing human resources policy and practices; managing current and future workforce competencies; developing workforce plans; developing succession plans; managing the human resources budget; providing human resources and human capital consultative support; and measuring and improving human resources performance. Staff Acquisition Staff Acquisition establishes procedures for recruiting and selecting high-quality, productive employees with the right skills and competencies, in accordance with merit system principles. This sub-function includes: developing a staffing strategy and plan; establishing an applicant evaluation approach; announcing the vacancy, sourcing and evaluating candidates against the competency requirements for the position; initiating pre-employment activities; and hiring employees. Organization and Position Management Organization and Position Management designs, develops, and implements organizational and position structures that create a high-performance, competency-driven framework that both advances the agency mission and serves agency human capital needs.. Compensation Management Compensation Management designs, develops, and implements compensation programs that attract, retain and fairly compensate agency employees. Benefits Management Benefits Management designs, develops, and implements benefit programs that attract, retain and support current and former agency employees. Employee Performance Management Employee Performance Management designs, develops, and implements a comprehensive performance management approach to ensure agency employees are demonstrating competencies required of their work assignments. Design, develop and implement a comprehensive performance management strategy that enables managers to make distinctions in performance and links individual performance to agency goal and mission accomplishment. This also includes managing employee performance at the individual level and evaluating the overall effectiveness of the agency's employee development approach. Employee Relations Employee Relations designs, develops, and implements programs that strive to maintain an effective employer-employee relationship that balance the agencys needs against its employees rights. Labor Relations Labor Relations manages the relationship between the agency and its unions and bargaining units. This includes negotiating and administering labor contracts and collective bargaining agreements; managing negotiated grievances; and participating in negotiated third party proceedings. Separation Management Separation Management conducts efficient and effective employee separation programs that assist employees in transitioning to non-Federal employment; facilitates the removal of unproductive, non-performing employees; and assists employees in transitioning to retirement. Human Resources Development Human Resources Development designs, develops, and implements a comprehensive employee development approach to ensure that agency employees have the right competencies and skills for current and future work assignments. This sub-function includes conducting employee development needs assessments; designing employee development programs; administering and delivering employee development programs; and evaluating the overall effectiveness of the agency's employee development approach. None None Information and Technology Management Information and Technology Management involves the coordination of information technology resources and systems required to support or provide a service. Information Management Information Management involves the coordination of information collection, storage, and dissemination, and destruction as well as managing the policies, guidelines, and standards regarding information management. IT Infrastructure Maintenance IT Infrastructure Maintenance involves the planning, design, and maintenance of an IT Infrastructure to effectively support automated needs (i.e. platforms, networks, servers, printers, etc.). Information Security Information Security involves all functions pertaining to the protection of federal information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruptions, modification, or destruction, as well as the creation and implementation of security policies, procedures and controls. Lifecycle/Change Management Lifecycle/Change Management involves the processes that facilitate a smooth evolution, composition, and workforce transition of the design and implementation of changes to agency resources such as assets, methodologies, systems, or procedures. Record Retention Record Retention involves the operations surrounding the management of the official documents and records for an agency. System Development System Development supports all activities associated with the in-house design and development of software applications. System Maintenance System Maintenance supports all activities associated with the maintenance of in-house designed software applications. Information Sharing Information Sharing relates to any method or function, for a given business area, facilitating: data being received in a usable medium by one or more departments or agencies as provided by a separate department or agency or other entity; and data being provided, disseminated or otherwise made available or accessible by one department or agency for use by one or more separate departments or agencies, or other entities, as appropriate. System and Network Monitoring System and Network Monitoring supports all activities related to the real-time monitoring of systems and networks for optimal performance. None None Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management involves the purchasing, tracking, and overall management of goods and services. Goods Acquisition Goods Acquisition involves the procurement of physical goods, products, and capital assets to be used by the federal government. Inventory Control Inventory Control refers to the tracking of information related to procured assets and resources with regards to quantity, quality, and location. Logistics Management Logistics Management involves the planning and tracking of personnel and their resources in relation to their availability and location. Services Acquisition Services Acquisition involves the oversight and/or management of contractors and service providers from the private sector. None None None None Services for Citizens The Services For Citizens Business Area describes the mission and purpose of the United States government in terms of the services it provides both to and on behalf of the American citizen. It includes the delivery of citizen-focused, public, and collective goods and/or benefits as a service and/or obligation of the federal government to the benefit and protection of the nations general population. Community and Social Services Community and Social Services includes all activities aimed at creating, expanding, or improving community and social development, social relationships, and social services in the United States. This includes all activities aimed at locality-specific or nationwide social development and general social services. This Line of Business includes general community development and social services programs, as well as earned and unearned benefit programs that promote these objectives. Community and Regional Development Community and Regional Development involves activities designed to assist communities in preventing and eliminating blight and deterioration, assist economically distressed communities, and encourage and foster economic development through improved public facilities and resources. Home Ownership Promotion Homeownership promotion includes activities devoted to assisting citizens interested in buying homes and educating the public as to the benefits of homeownership. NOTE: Activities devoted to the provision of housing to low-income members of the public are located in the Housing Assis-tance Sub-Function. Postal Service Postal Services provides for the timely and consistent exchange and delivery of mail and packages between businesses, organizations, and residents of the United States or between businesses, organizations, and residents of the United States and the rest of the world. It also includes the nation-wide retail infrastructure required to make Postal Services easily accessible to customers. (Note: The commercial function of mail is more closely aligned with the Business and Industry Development sub-function in the International Affairs LOB. Social Services Social Services are designed to provide meaningful opportunities for social and economic growth of the disadvantaged sector of the population in order to develop individuals into productive and self-reliant citizens and promote social equity. Included in this category are social welfare services extended to children and adults with special needs, such as the orphaned, neglected, abandoned, disabled, etc. Such services include family life education and counseling, adoption, guardianship, foster family care, rehabilitation services, etc. None None Correctional Activities Correctional Activities involves all federal activities to ensure the effective incarceration and rehabilitation of convicted criminals. Criminal Incarceration Criminal Incarceration includes activities associated with the housing, custody and general care of criminals serving time in penitentiaries. Criminal Rehabilitation Criminal Rehabilitation includes all government activities devoted to providing convicted criminals with the educational resources and life skills necessary to rejoin society as responsible and contributing members. None None Defense and National Security Protect and advance U.S. national interests and, if deterrence fails, decisively defeat threats to those interests. Operational Defense Operational Defense involves linking tactics and strategy by establishing operational objectives needed to accomplish the strategic objectives, sequencing events to achieve the operational objectives, initiating actions, and applying resources to bring about and sustain these events. Strategic National and Theater Defense Strategic National and Theater Defense involves establishing national and multinational military objectives; sequencing initiatives; defining limits and assess risks for the use of military and other instruments of national power; developing global plans or theater war plans to achieve these objectives; and providing military forces and other capabilities in accordance with strategic plans. Tactical Defense Tactical Defense involves focusing on the ordered arrangement and maneuver of combat elements in relation to each other and to the enemy to achieve combat objectives. None None Disaster Management Disaster Management involves the activities required to prepare for, mitigate, respond to, and repair the effects of all disasters whether natural or man-made. Disaster Monitoring and Prediction Disaster Monitoring and Prediction involves the actions taken to predict when and where a disaster may take place and communicate that information to affected parties. Note: Weather forecasting, while central to Disaster Monitoring and Prediction, is more closely aligned with the ?Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting? Sub-Function in the ?Environmental Management Line of Business?. Disaster Preparedness and Planning Disaster Preparedness and Planning involves the development of response programs to be used in case of a disaster as well as pre-disaster mitigation efforts to minimize the potential for loss of life and property. This involves the development of emergency management programs and activities as well as staffing and equipping regional response centers, and mitigation-focused construction and preparation. Disaster Repair and Restore Disaster Repair and Restore involves the cleanup and restoration activities that take place after a disaster. This involves the cleanup and rebuilding of any homes, buildings, roads, environmental resources, or infrastructure that may be damaged due to a disaster. Emergency Response Emergency Response involves the immediate actions taken to respond to a disaster. These actions include, but are not limited to, providing mobile telecommunications, operational support, power generation, search and rescue, and medical life saving actions. None None Economic Development Economic Development includes the activities required to promote commercial/industrial development and to regulate the American financial industry to protect investors. It also includes the management and control of the domestic economy and the money supply, and the protection of intellectual property and innovation. Business and Industry Development Business and Industry Development supports activities related to the creation of economic and business opportunities and stimulus, and the promotion of financial and economic stability for corporations and citizens involved in different types of business. Financial Sector Oversight Financial Sector Oversight involves the regulation of private sector firms and markets (stock exchanges, corporations, etc.) to protect investors from fraud, monopolies, and illegal behavior. This also includes deposit protection. Industry Sector Income Stabilization Industry Sector Income Stabilization involves all programs and activities devoted to assisting adversely impacted industrial sectors (farming, commercial transportation, etc.) to ensure the continued availability of their services for the American public and the long-term economic stabil-ity of these sectors. Intellectual Property Protection Intellectual Property Protection involves all activities to protect and promote the ownership of ideas and control over the tangible or virtual representation of those ideas, including inventions and discoveries, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. None None Education Education refers to those activities that impart knowledge or understanding of a particular subject to the public. Education can take place at a formal school, college, university or other training program. This Line of Business includes all government programs that promote the education of the public, including both earned and unearned benefit programs. Cultural and Historic Exhibition Cultural and Historical Exhibition includes all activities undertaken by the US government to promote education through the exhibition of cultural, historical, and other information, archives, art, etc. Cultural and Historic Preservation Cultural and Historic Preservation involves all activities performed by the federal government to collect and preserve information and artifacts important to the culture and history of the United States and its citizenry and the education of U.S. citizens and the world. Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education Elementary, secondary, and vocational education refers to the provision of education in elementary subjects (reading and writing and arithmetic); education provided by a high school or college preparatory school; and vocational and technical education and training. Higher Education Higher Education refers to education beyond the secondary level; specifically, education provided by a college or university. None None Energy Energy refers to all actions performed by the government to ensure the procurement and management of energy resources, including the production, sale and distribution of energy, as well as the management of spent fuel resources. Energy management includes all types of mass-produced energy (e.g., hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, solar, or fossil fuels). Also included in this Line of Business is the oversight of private industry. Energy Conservation and Preparedness Energy Conservation and Preparedness involves protection of energy resources from over consumption to ensure the continued availability of fuel resources and to promote environmental protection. This Line of Business also includes measures taken to ensure the provision of energy in the event of an emergency. Energy Production Energy Production involves the transformation of raw energy resources into useable, deliverable energy. Energy Resource Management Energy Resource Management involves the management and oversight of energy producing resources including facilities, dams, land, and offshore resources. Energy Supply Energy Supply involves all activities devoted to ensuring the availability of an adequate supply of energy for the United States and its citizens. None None Environmental Management Environmental Management includes all functions required to monitor the environment and weather, determine proper environmental standards and ensure their compliance, and address environmental hazards and contamination. Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting involves the observation and prediction of environmental conditions. This includes but is not limited to the monitoring and forecasting of water quality, water levels, ice sheets, air quality, regulated and non-regulated emissions, as well as the observation and prediction of weather patterns and conditions. Environmental Remediation Environmental Remediation supports the immediate and long-term activities associated with the correcting and offsetting of environmental deficiencies or imbalances, including restoration activities. Pollution Prevention and Control Pollution Prevention and Control includes activities associated with identifying appropriate pollution standards and controlling levels of harmful substances emitted into the soil, water and atmosphere from man-made sources. Environmental Mitigation projects are also included in this business line. None None General Science and Innovation General Science and Innovation includes all federal activities to meet the national need to advance knowledge in this area. This includes general research and technology programs, space exploration activities, and other research and technology programs that have diverse goals and cannot be readily classified into another Line of Business or Sub-function. Scientific and Technological Research and Innovation Scientific and Technological Research and Innovation includes all federal activities whose goal is the creation of new scientific and/or technological knowledge as a goal in itself, without a specific link to the other Lines of Business or Sub-Functions of the BRM. NOTE: Research and development programs that directly support another Service For Citizen should not be included here. Space Exploration and Innovation Space Exploration and Innovation includes all activities devoted to innovations directed at human and robotic space flight and the development and operation of space launch and transportation systems, and the general research and exploration of outer space. None None Health Health involves Federal programs and activities to ensure and provide for the health and well being of the public. This includes the direct provision of health care services and immunizations as well as the monitoring and tracking of public health indicators for the detection of trends and identification of wide-spread illnesses/diseases. It also includes both earned and unearned health care benefit programs. Access to Care Access to Care focuses on the access to appropriate care. This includes streamlining efforts to receive care; ensuring care is appropriate in terms of type, care, intensity, location and availability; providing seamless access to health knowledge, enrolling providers; performing eligibility determination, and managing patient movement. Population Health Management and Consumer Safety Population Health Management and Consumer Safety assesses health indicators and consumer products as a means to protect and promote the health of the general population. This includes monitoring of health, health planning, and health management of humans, animals, animal products, and plants, as well as tracking the spread of diseases and pests. Also includes evaluation of consumer products, drug, and foods to assess the potential risks and dangers; education of the consumer and the general population; and facilitation of health promotion and disease and injury prevention. Health Care Administration Health Care Administration assures that federal health care resources are expended effectively to ensure quality, safety, and efficiency. This includes managing health care quality, cost, workload, utilization, and fraud/abuse efforts. Health Care Delivery Services Health Care Delivery Services provides and supports the delivery of health care to its beneficiaries. This includes assessing health status; planning health services; ensuring quality of services and continuity of care; and managing clinical information and documentation.. Health Care Research and Practitioner Education Health Care Research and Practitioner Education fosters advancement in health discovery and knowledge. This includes developing new strategies to handle diseases; promoting health knowledge advancement; identifying new means for delivery of services, methods, decision models and practices; making strides in quality improvement; managing clinical trials and research quality; and providing for practitioner education.. None None Homeland Security Homeland Security involves protecting the nation against terrorist attacks. This includes analyzing threats and intelligence, guarding borders and airports, protecting critical infrastructure, and coordinating the response emergencies. The Homeland Security Line of Business is defined by the President?s Strategy on Homeland Security. Note: Some of the Critical Mission Areas from the President?s strategy have already been identified in other Lines of Businesses in the BRM. Border and Transportation Security Border and Transportation Security includes appropriately facilitating or deterring entry and exit of people, goods, and conveyances at and between U.S. ports of entry, as well as ensuring the security of transportation and infrastructure networks, facilities, vehicles, and personnel within the United States. Catastrophic Defense Catastrophic Defense involves the development of technological countermeasures (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear [CBRN]) to terrorist threats, conducting laboratory testing on new and promising devices, and conducting basic and applied science that can lead to the development of countermeasures. Key Asset and Critical Infrastructure Protection Key Asset and Critical Infrastructure Protection involves assessing key asset and critical infrastructure vulnerabilities and taking direct action to mitigate vulnerabilities, enhance security, and ensure continuity and necessary redundancy in government operations and personnel. None None Income Security Income Security includes activities designed to ensure that members of the public are provided with the necessary means - both financial and otherwise - to sustain an adequate level of existence. This includes all benefit programs, both earned and unearned, that promote these goals for members of the public. Food and Nutrition Assistance Food and Nutrition Assistance involves the development and management of programs that provide food and nutrition assistance to those members of the public who are unable to provide for these needs themselves. General Retirement and Disability General Retirement and Disability involves the development and management of retirement benefits, pensions, and income security for those who are retired or disabled. Housing Assistance Housing Assistance involves the development and management programs that provide housing to those who are unable to provide housing for themselves including the rental of single-family or multifamily properties, and the management and operation of federally supported housing properties. Survivor Compensation Survivor Compensation provides compensation to the survivors of individuals currently receiving or eligible to receive benefits from the federal government. This includes, but is not limited to, survivors such as spouses or children of veterans or wage earners eligible for social security payments. Unemployment Compensation Unemployment Compensation provides income security to those who are no longer employed, while they seek new employment. None None Intelligence Operations Intelligence Operations involves collecting and analyzing information and taking action to meet the national security challenges of the U.S. and its allies, when appropriate, by processing foreign and domestic intelligence; disseminating intelligence products to policymakers, military commanders, warfighters and other consumers; and performing activities in support of U.S. policy objectives. Intelligence Planning Intelligence Planning involves developing strategies focused on intelligence requirements, prioritizing these requirements, and managing these requirements (adding, deleting and modifying). Intelligence Collection Intelligence Collection involves acquiring raw data and provisioning the data to processing elements. Intelligence Processing Intelligence Processing involves converting collected raw data into forms suitable for analysis. Intelligence Analysis and Production Intelligence Analysis and Production consists of integrating, evaluating, and/or interpreting information from single or multiple sources into intelligence satisfying consumer needs and preparing intelligence products in support of known or anticipated consumers. Intelligence Dissemination Intelligence Dissemination consists of delivering intelligence products to consumers. None None International Affairs and Commerce International Affairs and Commerce involves the non-military activities that promote U.S. policies and interests beyond our national borders, including the negotiation of conflict resolution, treaties, and agreements. In addition, this function includes: foreign economic development and social/political development; diplomatic relations with other nations; humanitarian, technical and other developmental assistance to key nations; and global trade. Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs refers to those activities associated with the implementation of foreign policy and diplomatic relations, including the operation of embassies, consulates, and other posts; ongoing membership in international organizations; the development of cooperative frameworks to improve relations with other nations; and the development of treaties and agreements. Global Trade Global Trade refers to those activities the federal government undertakes to advance worldwide economic prosperity by increasing trade through the opening of overseas markets and freeing the flow of goods, services, and capital. International Development and Humanitarian Aid International Development and Humanitarian Aid refers to those activities related to the implementation of development and humanitarian assistance programs to developing and transitioning countries throughout the world. Development and aid may include technical assistance (the transfer of knowledge and expertise), and the delivery of equipment, commodities and urgent humanitarian assistance including food aid. None None Law Enforcement Law Enforcement involves activities to protect people, places, and things from criminal activity resulting from non-compliance with U.S. laws. This includes patrols, undercover operations, response to emergency calls, as well as arrests, raids, and seizures of property. Citizen Protection Citizen Protection involves all activities performed to protect the general population of the United States from criminal activity. Crime Prevention Crime Prevention entails all efforts designed to create safer communities through the control and reduction of crime by addressing the causes of crime and reducing opportunities for crimes to occur. Criminal Apprehension Criminal apprehension involves activities associated with the tracking, arrest, detention, and transportation of groups or individuals believed to be responsible for committing federal crimes. Criminal Investigation and Surveillance Criminal Investigation and Surveillance includes collecting evidence required to determine responsibility for a crime and monitoring and questioning affected parties. Leadership Protection Leadership Protection involves all activities performed to protect the health and well being of the president, vice-president, their families, foreign leaders and dignitaries, and other high-level government officials. Property Protection Property Protection entails all activities performed to ensure the security of civilian and government property as well as foreign diplomatic missions. Substance Control Substance Control supports activities associated with the enforcement of laws regarding legal substances (i.e., alcohol and tobacco) and illegal narcotics including trafficking, possession, sale, distribution, and other related activities. None None Litigation and Judicial Activities Litigation and Judicial Activities refers to those activities relating to the administration of justice. Judicial Hearing Judicial Hearings includes activities associated with proceedings (usually by a court of law) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence. Legal Defense Legal Defense includes those activities associated with the representation of a defendant in a criminal or civil proceeding. Legal Investigation Legal Investigation includes activities associated with gathering information about a given party (government agency, citizen, corporation) that would be admissible in a court of law in an attempt to determine a legal question or matter. Legal Prosecution and Litigation Legal Prosecution and Litigation includes all activities involved with presenting a case in a legal proceeding both in a criminal or civil court of law in an attempt to prove guilt/responsibility. Resolution Facilitation Resolution Facilitation refers to those activities outside a court of law, such as mediation and arbitration, that may be used in an attempt to settle a dispute between two or more parties (government agency, citizen, corporation). None None Natural Resources Natural Resources includes all activities involved in conservation planning, land management, and national park/monument tourism that affect the nation's natural and recreational resources, both private and federal. Note: Energy-related natural resources are covered in the Energy Management line of business. Agricultural Innovation and Services Agricultural Innovation and Services involves the creation and dissemination of better methods for farming and forestry, including the development of improved and healthier agricultural and forestry products. Conservation, Marine and Land Management Conservation, Marine and Land Management involves the responsibilities of surveying, maintaining, and operating public lands and monuments, as well as activities devoted to ensuring the preservation of land, water, wildlife, and natural resources, both domestically and internationally. It also includes the sustainable stewardship of natural resources on federally owned/controlled lands for commercial use (mineral mining, grazing, forestry, fishing, etc.). Recreational Resource Management and Tourism Recreational Resource Management and Tourism involves the management of national parks, monuments, and tourist attractions as well as visitor centers, campsites, and park service facilities. Water Resource Management Water Resource Management includes all activities that promote the effective use and management of the nation?s water resources. Notes: Environmental protection of water resources is included in the Environmental Management Line of Business. Hydroelectric energy production is included in the Energy Production Sub-Function. None None Transportation Transportation involves all federally supported activities related to the safe passage, conveyance, or transportation of goods and/or people. Air Transportation Air Transportation involves the activities related to the safe passage of passengers or goods through the air. It also includes command and control activities related to the safe movement of aircraft through all phases of flight for commercial and military operations. Note: The protection of air transportation from deliberate attack is included in the Transportation Security Sub-Function in the Homeland Security Line of Business. Ground Transportation Ground Transportation involves the activities related to ensuring the availability of transit and the safe passage of passengers and goods over land. Note: The protection of ground transportation from deliberate attack is included in the Transportation Security Sub-Function in the Homeland Security Line of Business. Space Operations Space Operations involves the activities related to the safe launches/missions of passengers or goods into aerospace and includes commercial, scientific, and military operations. Water Transportation Water Transportation involves the activities related to ensuring the availability of transit and the safe passage of passengers and goods over sea and water. Note: The protection of maritime transportation from deliberate attack is included in the Transportation Security Sub-Function in the Homeland Security Line of Business. None None Workforce Management Workforce Management includes those activities that promote the welfare of the nation?s workforce by improving their working conditions, advancing opportunities for profitable employment, and strengthening free collective bargaining. Labor Rights Management Labor Rights Management refers to those activities undertaken to ensure that employees and employers are aware of and comply with all statutes and regulations concerning labor rights, including those pertaining to wages, benefits, safety and health, whistleblower, and nondiscrimination policies. Training and Employment Training and Employment includes programs of job or skill training, employment services and placement, and programs to promote the hiring of marginal, unemployed, or low-income workers. Worker Safety Worker Safety refers to those activities undertaken to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America's workers. None None None None Support Delivery of Services Support Delivery of Services provides the critical policy, programmatic and managerial foundation to support federal government operations. Controls and Oversight Controls and Oversight ensures that the operations and programs of the federal government and its external business partners comply with applicable laws and regulations and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse. Corrective Action Corrective Action involves the enforcement of activities to remedy internal or external programs that have been found noncompliant with a given law, regulation, or policy. Program Evaluation Program Evaluation involves the analysis of internal and external program effectiveness and the determination of corrective actions as appropriate. Program Monitoring Program Monitoring involves the data-gathering activities required to determine the effectiveness of internal and external programs and the extent to which they comply with related laws, regulations, and policies. None None Internal Risk Management and Mitigation Internal Risk Management and Mitigation involves all activities relating to the processes of analyzing exposure to risk and determining appropriate counter-measures. Contingency Planning Contingency Planning involves the actions required to plan for, respond to, and mitigate damaging events. Continuity of Operations Continuity of Operations involves the activities associated with the identification of critical systems and processes, and the planning and preparation required to ensure that these systems and processes will be available in the event of a catastrophic event. Service Recovery Service Recovery involves the internal actions necessary to develop a plan for resuming operations after a catastrophic event occurs. None None Legislative Relations Legislative Relations involves activities aimed at the development, tracking, and amendment of public laws through the legislative branch of the federal government. Congressional Liaison Operations Congressional Liaison Operations involves all activities associated with supporting the formal relationship between a Federal Agency and the U.S. Congress. Legislation Testimony Legislation Testimony involves activities associated with providing testimony/evidence in support of, or opposition to, legislation. Legislation Tracking Legislation Tracking involves monitoring legislation from introduction to enactment. Proposal Development Proposal Development involves drafting proposed legislation that creates or amends laws subject to Congressional action. None None Planning and Budgeting Planning and Budgeting involves the activities of determining strategic direction, identifying and establishing programs and processes, and allocating resources (capital and labor) among those programs and processes. Budget Execution Budget Execution involves the legal (apportionment) and managerial (allotment and sub-allotment) distribution of budget authority to achieve results consistent with the formulated budget. Budget Formulation Budget Formulation involves all activities undertaken to determine priorities for future spending and to develop an itemized forecast of future funding and expenditures during a targeted period of time. This includes the collection and use of performance information to assess the effectiveness of programs and develop budget priorities. Capital Planning Capital Planning involves the processes for ensuring that appropriate investments are selected for capital expenditures. Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture is an established process for describing the current state and defining the target state and transition strategy for an organization?s people, processes, and technology. Management Improvement Management Improvement includes all efforts to gauge the ongoing efficiency of business processes and identify opportunities for reengineering or restructuring. Strategic Planning Strategic Planning entails the determination of annual and long-term goals and the identification of the best approach for achieving those goals. Workforce Planning Workforce Planning involves the processes for identifying the workforce competencies required to meet the agency's strategic goals and for developing the strategies to meet these requirements. Budget and Performance Integration Budget and Performance Integration involves activities that align Federal resources allocated through budget formulation, execution, and management actions with examinations of program objectives, performance, and demonstrated results such as Program Performance Assessments, Government Performance Results Act (GPRA) plans and reports, performance-based agency budget submissions, and Financial Management Cost Accounting and Performance Measurement data. Tax and Fiscal Policy Tax and Fiscal Policy encompasses analysis of the implications for economic growth and stability in the United States and the world of Federal tax and spending policies. This includes assessing the sustainability of current programs and policies, the best means for raising revenues, the distribution of tax liabilities, and the appropriate limits on debt. None None Public Affairs Public Affairs involves the exchange of information and communication between the federal government, citizens and stakeholders in direct support of citizen services, public policy, and/or national interest. Customer Service Customer Services supports activities associated with providing an agency?s customers with information regarding the agency?s service offerings and managing the interactions and relationships with those customers. Official Information Dissemination Official Information Dissemination includes all efforts to provide official government information to external stakeholders through the use of various types of media, such as video, paper, web, etc. Product Outreach Product Outreach relates to the marketing of government services products, and programs to the general public in an attempt to promote awareness and increase the number of customers/beneficiaries of those services and programs. Public Relations Public Relations involves the efforts to promote an organization?s image through the effective handling of citizen concerns. None None Regulatory Development Regulatory Development involves activities associated developing regulations, policies, and guidance to implement laws. Policy and Guidance Development Policy and Guidance Development involves the creation and dissemination of guidelines to assist in the interpretation and implementation of regulations. Public Comment Tracking Public Comment Tracking involves the activities of soliciting, maintaining, and responding to public comments regarding proposed regulations. Regulatory Creation Regulatory Creation involves the activities of researching and drafting proposed and final regulations. Rule Publication Rule Publication includes the all activities associated with the publication of a proposed or final rule in the Federal Register and Code of Federal Regulations. None None Revenue Collection Revenue Collection includes the collection of government income from all sources. Note: Tax collection is accounted for in Tax Collection Sub-Function in the General Government Line of Business. Debt Collection Debt Collection supports activities associated with the collection of money owed to the U.S. government from both foreign and domestic sources. Federal Asset Sales Federal Asset Sales encompasses the activities associated with the acquisition, oversight, tracking, and sale of non-internal assets managed by the federal government with a commercial value and sold to the private sector. User Fee Collection User fee collection involves the collection of fees assessed on individuals or organizations for the provision of Government services and for the use of Government goods or resources (i.e. National Parks). None None General Government General Government involves the general overhead costs of the federal government, including legislative and executive activities; provision of central fiscal, personnel, and property activities; and the provision of services that cannot reasonably be classified in any other Line of Business. As a normal rule, all activities reasonably or closely associated with other LoBs or Sub-functions shall be included in those LoBs or Sub-functions rather than listed as a part of general government. This Line of Business is reserved for central government management operations; agency-specific management activities would not be included here. Central Fiscal Operations Central Fiscal Operations includes the fiscal operations that the Department of Treasury performs on behalf of the government. Note: Tax-related functions are included within the Taxation Management Sub-function. Legislative Functions Legislative Functions include the costs of the Legislative Branch except for the Tax Court, the Library of Congress, and the Government Printing Office revolving fund. Executive Functions Executive Functions involve the Executive Office of the President. Central Property Management Central Property Management involves most of the operations of the General Services Administration. Central Personnel Management Central Personnel Management involves most of the operating costs of the Office of Personnel Management and related agencies. Taxation Management Taxation Management includes activities associated with the implementation of the Internal Revenue Code and the collection of taxes in the United States and abroad. Central Records and Statistics Management Central Records and Statistics Management involves the operations surrounding the management of official documents, statistics, and records for the entire federal government. This Sub-function is intended to include the management of records and statistics for the federal government as a whole, such as the records management performed by NARA or the statistics and data collection performed by the Bureau of the Census. Note: Many agencies perform records and statistics management for a particular business function and as such should be mapped to that line of business. The Central Records and Statistics Management is intended for functions performed on behalf of the entire federal government. None None None None Mode of Delivery Credit and Insurance Credit and Insurance involves the use of government funds to cover the subsidy cost of a direct loan or loan guarantee or to protect/indemnify members of the public from financial losses. Direct Loans Direct Loans involve a disbursement of funds by the government to a non-federal borrower under a contract that requires the repayment of such funds with or without interest. General Insurance General Insurance involves providing protection to individuals or entities against specified risks. The specified protection generally involves risks that private sector entities are unable or unwilling to assume or subsidize and where the provision of insurance is necessary to achieve social objectives. Loan Guarantees Loan Guarantees involve any guarantee, insurance, or other pledge with respect to the payment of all or a part of the principal or interest on any debt obligation of a non-federal borrower to a non-federal lender, but does not include the insurance of deposits, shares, or other withdraw able accounts in financial institutions. Federal Financial Assistance Federal Financial Assistance refers to the provision of earned and unearned financial or monetary-like benefits to individuals, groups, or corporations Direct Transfers to Individuals Direct Transfers to Individuals involves the disbursement of funds from the federal government directly to beneficiaries (individuals or organizations) who satisfy federal eligibility requirements with no restrictions imposed on the recipient as to how the money is spent. Direct Transfers include both earned and unearned federal entitlement programs such as Medicare, Social Security, unemployment benefits, etc. Federal Grants (Non-State) Federal Grants involves the disbursement of funds by the federal government to a nonfederal entity to help fund projects or activities. This includes the processes associated with grant administration, including the publication of funds availability notices, development of the grant application guidance, determination of grantee eligibility, coordination of the peer review/evaluation process for competitive grants, the transfer of funds, and the monitoring/oversight as appropriate. Subsidies Subsidies involve federal government financial transfers that reduce costs and/or increase revenues of producers. Tax Credits Tax Credits allow a special exclusion, exemption, or deduction from gross income or which provide a special credit, a preferential rate of tax, or a deferral of tax liability designed to encourage certain kinds of activities or to aid taxpayers in special circumstances. Transfers to States and Local Governments Transfers to States and Local Governments involves the transfer of funds or financial assistance from the Federal government to state and local governments and Indian tribes. Earmarked Grants Earmarked Grants involves the distribution of money to state and local governments for a named purpose or service usually specifically noted by Congress in appropriations language, or other program authorizing language. Formula Grants Formula Grants involves the allocation of money to states or their subdivisions in accordance with distribution formulas prescribed by law or administrative regulation, for activities of a continuing nature. Project/Competitive Grants Project/Competitive Grants involves the funding, for fixed or known periods, of projects. Project/Competitive grants can include fellowships, scholarships, research grants, training grants, traineeships, experimental and demonstration grants, evaluation grants, planning grants, technical assistance grants, survey grants, and construction grants. State Loans State Loans involve all disbursement of funds by the government to a state or local government (or Indian Tribe) entity under a contract that requires the repayment of such funds with or without interest. Direct Services for Citizens Direct Services for Citizens refers to the delivery of a good or service to (or on behalf of) the citizenry by the federal government with no other intervening persons, conditions, or organizations. Civilian Operations Civilian Operations describes the direct provision of a non-military service for the citizen by government employees. Military Operations TBD Knowledge Creation and Management Knowledge Creation and Management involves the programs and activities in which the federal government creates or develops a body or set of knowledge, the manipulation and analysis of which can provide inherent benefits for both the federal and private sector. Advising and Consulting Advising and Consulting involves the guidance and consultative services provided by the federal government to support the implementation of a specific Service for Citizen. General Purpose Data and Statistics General Purpose Data and Statistics includes activities performed in providing empirical, numerical, and related data and information pertaining to the current state of the nation in areas such as the economy, labor, weather, international trade, etc. Knowledge Dissemination Knowledge Dissemination addresses those instances where the primary method used in delivering a service is through the publishing or broadcasting of information, such as the Voice of America or web-based museums maintained by the Smithsonian. It is not intended to address circumstances where the publication of information is a byproduct of the actual Mode of Delivery. For example, an agency might perform research (the Mode of Delivery) addressing a particular service for citizen (for example environmental management) and as a result publish a report on the findings. In this instance, the research would be the mode of delivery and publishing the report would be a Support Delivery of Service. Research and Development Research and Development involves the gathering and analysis of data, dissemination of results, and development of new products, methodologies, and ideas. Public Goods Creation and Management The construction, manufacturing, administration, and/or management of goods, structures, facilities, common resources, etc. used for the general well being of the American public or society at large. Construction Construction involves all programs and activities in which the federal government builds or constructs facilities, roads, dams, etc. Information Infrastructure Management Information Infrastructure Management involves the management and stewardship of a type of information by the federal government and/or the creation of physical communication infrastructures on behalf of the public in order to facilitate communication. This includes the management of large amounts of information (e.g., environmental and weather data, criminal records, etc.), the creation of information and data standards relating to a specific type of information (patient records), and the creation and management of physical communication infrastructures (networks) on behalf of the public. Note: Information infrastructures for government use are not included here. Manufacturing Manufacturing involves all programs and activities in which the federal government produces both marketable and non-marketable goods. Public Resources, Facilities, and Infrastructure Management Public Resources, Facilities and Infrastructure Management involves the management and maintenance of government owned capital goods and resources (natural or otherwise) on behalf of the public, usually with benefits to the community at large as well as to the direct user. Examples of facilities and infrastructure include schools, roads, bridges, dams, harbors, and public buildings. Examples of resources include parks, cultural artifacts and art, endangered species, oil reserves, etc. Regulatory Compliance and Enforcement Regulatory Compliance and Enforcement involves the direct monitoring and oversight of a specific individual, group, industry, or community participating in a regulated activity via market mechanisms, command and control features, or other means to control or govern conduct or behavior. Inspections and Auditing Inspections and Auditing involves the methodical examination and review of regulated activities to ensure compliance with standards for regulated activity. Permits and Licensing Permits and Licensing involves activities associated with granting, revoking, and the overall management of the documented authority necessary to perform a regulated task or function. Standard Setting/Reporting Guideline Development Standard Setting/Reporting Guideline Development involves the establishment of allowable limits associated with a regulated activity and the development of reporting requirements necessary to monitor and control compliance with allowable limits. This includes the development of requirements for product sampling and testing, emissions monitoring and control, incident reporting, financial filings, etc. Back Office Services The Back Office Services Domain refers to the set of capabilities that support the management of enterprise planning transactional-based functions. Assets / Materials Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the acquisition, oversight and tracking of an organization's assets. Asset Cataloging / Identification Defines the set of capabilities that support the listing and specification of available assets. Asset Transfer, Allocation, and Maintenance Defines the set of capabilities that support the movement, assignment, and replacement of assets. Computers / Automation Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the identification, upgrade, allocation and replacement of physical devices, including servers and desktops, used to facilitate production and process-driven activities. Facilities Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the construction, management and maintenance of facilities for an organization. Property / Asset Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the identification, planning and allocation of an organization's physical capital and resources. All All More Than One More Than One Data Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the usage, processing and general administration of unstructured information. Data Classification Defines the set of capabilities that allow the classification of data. Data Cleansing Defines the set of capabilities that support the removal of incorrect or unnecessary characters and data from a data source. Data Exchange Defines the set of capabilities that support the interchange of information between multiple systems or applications. Data Mart Defines the set of capabilities that support a subset of a data warehouse for a single department or function within an organization. Data Recovery Defines the set of capabilities that support the restoration and stabilization of data sets to a consistent, desired state. Data Warehouse Defines the set of capabilities that support the archiving and storage of large volumes of data. Extraction and Transformation Defines the set of capabilities that support the manipulation and change of data. Loading and Archiving Defines the set of capabilities that support the population of a data source with external data. Meta Data Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the maintenance and administration of data that describes data. All All More Than One More Than One Development and Integration Defines the set of capabilities that support the communication between hardware/software applications and the activities associated with deployment of software applications. Data Integration Defines the set of capabilities that support the organization of data from separate data sources into a single source using middleware or application integration and the modification of system data models to capture new information within a single system. Enterprise Application Integration Defines the set of capabilities that support the redesigning of disparate information systems into one system that uses a common set of data structures and rules. Instrumentation and Testing Defines the set of capabilities that support the validation of application or system capabilities and requirements. Legacy Integration Defines the set of capabilities that support the communication between newer generation hardware/software applications and the previous, major generation of hardware/software applications. Software Development Defines the set of capabilities that support the creation of both graphical and process application or system software. All All More Than One More Than One Financial Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the accounting practices and procedures that allow for the handling of revenues, funding and expenditures. Activity-Based Management Defines the set of capabilities that support a defined, specific set of finance-related tasks for a given objective. Auditing Defines the set of capabilities that support the examination and verification of records for accuracy. Billing and Accounting Defines the set of capabilities that support the charging, collection and reporting of an organization's accounts. Credit / Charge Defines the set of capabilities that support the use of credit cards or electronic funds transfers for payment and collection of products or services. Currency Translation Defines the set of capabilities that support the calculations and difference between multiple mediums of exchange. Debt Collection Defines the set of capabilities that support the process of accounts receivable. Expense Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the methods and procedures used by the organization to safeguard its assets, produce accurate accounting data and reports, contribute to efficient operations, and encourage staff to adhere to management policies and mission requirements Internal Controls Defines the set of capabilities that support the structured dissemination of financial data and information in both physical format and electronic media. Payment / Settlement Defines the set of capabilities that support the process of accounts payable. Payroll Defines the set of capabilities that involve the administration and determination of employees compensation. Revenue Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the allocation and re-investment of earned net credit or capital within an organization. All All More Than One More Than One Human Capital / Workforce Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the planning and supervision of an organization?s personnel. Contingent Workforce Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the continuity of operations for an organization's business through the identification of alternative organization personnel. Resource Planning and Allocation Defines the set of capabilities that support the determination of strategic direction, the identification and establishment of programs and processes, and the allocation of resources (capital and labor) among those programs and processes Skills Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the proficiency of employees in the delivery of an organization's products or services. Team / Org Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the hierarchy structure and identification of employees within the various sub-groups of an organization. Workforce Acquisition / Optimization Defines the set of capabilities that support the hiring and re-structuring of employees and their roles within an organization. Workforce Directory / Locator Defines the set of capabilities that support the listing of employees and their whereabouts. All All More Than One More Than One Human Resources Defines the set of capabilities that support the recruitment and management of personnel. Awards Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the recognition of achievement among employees of an organization. Benefit Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the enrollment and participation in an organization's compensation and benefits programs. Career Development and Retention Defines the set of capabilities that support the monitoring of performance as well as the professional growth, advancement, and retention of an organization's employees. Education / Training Defines the set of capabilities that support the active building of employee competencies, to include the range of training from professional development to general awareness training. Health and Safety Defines the set of capabilities that support the security and physical well-being of an organization's employees. Personnel Administration Defines the set of capabilities that support the matching between an organization?s employees and potential opportunities as well as the modification, addition and general upkeep of an organization?s employee-specific information. Recruiting Defines the set of capabilities that support the identification and hiring of employees for an organization. Resume Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the maintenance and administration of one's professional or work experience and qualifications. Retirement Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the payment of benefits to retirees. Time Reporting Defines the set of capabilities that support the submission, approval and adjustment of an employee's hours. Travel Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the transit and mobility of an organization's employees for business purposes. All All More Than One More Than One Business Analytical Services The Business Analytical Services Domain defines the set of capabilities supporting the extraction, aggregation and presentation of information to facilitate decision analysis and business evaluation. Analysis and Statistics Defines the set of capabilities that support the examination of business issues, problems and their solutions. Forensics Defines the set of capabilities that support the analysis of physical elements using science and technology for investigative and legal purposes. Mathematical Support the formulation and mathematical analysis of probabilistic models for random phenomena and the development and investigation of methods and principles for statistical inference. Radiological Defines the set of capabilities that support the use of radiation and x-ray technologies for analysis and scientific examination. Structural / Thermal Defines the set of capabilities that support the use of data flow and data modeling diagrams for applying systematic analysis of data. All All More Than One More Than One Business Intelligence Defines the set of capabilities that support information that pertains to the history, current status or future projections of an organization. Balanced Scorecard Defines the set of capabilities that support the listing and analyzing of both positive and negative impacts associated with a decision. Decision Support and Planning Defines the set of capabilities that support the analysis of information and predict the impact of decisions before they are made. Demand Forecasting / Mgmt Defines the set of capabilities that facilitate the prediction of sufficient production to meet an organization's sales of a product or service. All All More Than One More Than One Reporting Defines the set of capabilities that support the organization of data into useful information. Ad-Hoc Defines the set of capabilities that support the use of dynamic reports on an as needed basis. OLAP Defines the set of capabilities that support the analysis of information that has been summarized into multidimensional views and hierarchies. Standardized / Canned Defines the set of capabilities that support the use of pre-conceived or pre-written reports. All All More Than One More Than One Visualization Defines the set of capabilities that support the conversion of data into graphical or picture form. CAD Defines the set of capabilities that support the design of products with computers. Graphing / Charting Defines the set of capabilities that support the presentation of information in the form of diagrams or tables. Imagery Defines the set of capabilities that support the creation of film or electronic images from pictures, paper forms. Mapping / Geospatial / Elevation / GPS Defines the set of capabilities that support the representation of position information through the use of attributes such as elevation, latitude, and longitude coordinates. Multimedia Defines the set of capabilities that support the representation of information in more than one form to include text, audio, graphics, animated graphics and full motion video. All All More Than One More Than One Knowledge Discovery Defines the set of capabilities that support the identification of useful information from data.. Data Mining Defines the set of capabilities that support the efficient discovery of non-obvious, valuable patterns and relationships within a large collection of data. Modeling Defines the set of capabilities that support the development of descriptions to adequately explain relevant data for the purpose of prediction, pattern detection, exploration or general organization of data. Simulation Defines the set of capabilities that support the utilization of models to mimic real-world processes, paper forms. All All More Than One More Than One Business Management Services The Business Management Services Domain defines the set of capabilities that support the management of business functions and organizational activities that maintain continuity across the business and value-chain participants. The Business Management Services domain represents those capabilities and services that are necessary for projects, programs and planning within a business operation to successfully be managed. Investment Management Defines the set of capabilities that manage the financial assets and capital of an organization. Performance Management Defines the set of capabilities for measuring the effectiveness of an organization's financial assets and capital. Portfolio Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the administration of a group of investments held by an organization. Strategic Planning and Mgmt Defines the set of capabilities that support the determination of long-term goals and the identification of the best approach for achieving those goals. All All More Than One More Than One Management of Process Defines the set of capabilities that regulate the activities surrounding the business cycle of an organization. Business Rule Management Defines the set of capabilities for the management of the enterprise processes that support an organization and its policies. Change Management Defines the set of capabilities that control the process for updates or modifications to the existing documents, software or business processes of an organization. Configuration Management Defines the set of capabilities that control the hardware and software environments, as well as documents of an organization. Governance / Policy Management Defines the set of capabilities intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, business rules and other matters within an organization. Program / Project Management Defines the set of capabilities for the management and control of a particular effort of an organization. Quality Management Defines the set of capabilities intended to help determine the level that a product or service satisfies certain requirements. Requirements Management Defines the set of capabilities for gathering, analyzing and fulfilling the needs and prerequisites of an organization's efforts. Risk Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the identification and probabilities or chances of hazards as they relate to a task, decision or long-term goal; includes risk assessment and risk mitigation. All All More Than One More Than One Organizational Management Defines the set of capabilities that support both collaboration and communication within an organization. Network Management Defines the set of capabilities involved in monitoring and maintaining a communications network in order to diagnose problems, gather statistics and provide general usage. Workgroup / Groupware Defines the set of capabilities that support multiple users working on related tasks. All All More Than One More Than One Supply Chain Management Defines the set of capabilities for planning, scheduling and controlling a supply chain and the sequence of organizations and functions that mine, make or assemble materials and products from manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Catalog Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the listing of available products or services that an organization offers. Invoice / Requisition Tracking and Approval Defines the set of capabilities that support the identification of where a shipment or delivery is within the business cycle. Ordering / Purchasing Defines the set of capabilities that allow the placement of request for a product. Procurement Defines the set of capabilities that support the ordering and purchasing of products and services. Returns Management Defines the set of capabilities for collecting, analyzing, and resolving product returns or service cancellations. Sourcing Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the supply of goods or services as well as the tracking and analysis of costs for these goods. Storefront / Shopping Cart Defines the set of capabilities that support the online equivalent of the supermarket cart, where orders and merchandise are placed. Inventory Management Defines the set of capabilities that provide for the balancing of customer service levels with inventory investment. Warehouse Management Defines the set of capabilities that provide for the storage and movement of materials within a warehouse, including these processes: material receipt, order picking, packaging, labeling and shipping. Logistics and Transportation Defines the set of capabilities that provide for efficient freight and traffic management. All All More Than One More Than One Customer Services The Customer Services Domain defines the set of capabilities that are directly related to an internal or external customer, the busines's interaction with the customer, and the customer driven activities or functions. The Customer Services domain represents those capabilities and services that are at the front end of a business, and interface at varying levels with the customer. Customer Initiated Assistance Defines the set of capabilities that allow customers to proactively seek assistance and service from an organization. Assistance Request Defines the set of capabilities that support the solicitation of support from a customer. Multi-Lingual Support Defines the set of capabilities that allow access to data and information in multiple languages. Online Help Defines the set of capabilities that provide an electronic interface to customer assistance. Online Tutorials Defines the set of capabilities that provide an electronic interface to educate and assist customers. Reservations / Registration Defines the set of capabilities that allow electronic enrollment and confirmations for services. Scheduling Defines the set of capabilities that support the plan for performing work or services to meet the needs of an organization's customers. Self-Service Defines the set of capabilities that allow an organization's customers to sign up for a particular service at their own initiative. All All More Than One More Than One Customer Preferences Defines the set of capabilities that allow an organization's customers to change a user interface and the way that data is displayed. Alerts and Notifications Defines the set of capabilities that allow a customer to be contacted in relation to a subscription or service of interest. Personalization Defines the set of capabilities to change a user interface and how data is displayed. Subscriptions Defines the set of capabilities that allow a customer to join a forum, listserv, or mailing list. All All More Than One More Than One Customer Relationship Management Defines the set of capabilities that are used to plan, schedule and control the activities between the customer and the enterprise, both before and after a product or service is offered. Brand Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the application of a trade name to a product or service as well as developing an awareness for the name. Call Center Management Defines the set of capabilities that handle telephone sales and/or service to the end customer. Contact and Profile Management Defines the set of capabilities that provide a comprehensive view of all customer interactions, including calls, email, correspondence and meetings; also provides for the maintenance of a customer's account, business and personal information. Customer / Account Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the retention and delivery of a service or product to an organization's clients. Customer Analytics Defines the set of capabilities that allow for the analysis of an organization's customers as well as the scoring of third party information as it relates to an organization's customers. Customer Feedback Defines the set of capabilities that are used to collect, analyze and handle comments and feedback from an organization's customers. Partner Relationship Management Defines the set of capabilities that provide a framework to promote the effective collaboration between an organization and its business partners, particularly members of the distribution chain (e.g., channel and alliance partners, resellers, agents, brokers, and dealers) and other third parties that support operations and service delivery to an organization's customers; includes performance evaluation of partners, if necessary. Product Management Defines the set of capabilities that facilitate the creation and maintenance of products and services. Sales and Marketing Defines the set of capabilities that facilitate the promotion of a product or service and capture of new business. Surveys Defines the set of capabilities that are used to collect useful information from an organization's customers. All All More Than One More Than One Digital Asset Services The Digital Asset Services Domain defines the set of capabilities that support the generation, management and distribution of intellectual capital and electronic media across the business and extended enterprise. Content Management Defines the capabilities that manage the storage, maintenance and retrieval of documents and information of a system or website. Content Authoring Defines the capabilities that allow for the creation of tutorials, CBT courseware, web sites, CD-ROMs and other interactive programs. Content Publishing and Delivery Defines the set of capabilities that allow for the propagation of interactive programs. Content Review and Approval Defines the capabilities that allow for the approval of interactive programs. Syndication Management Defines the set of capabilities that control and regulate an organization's brand. Tagging and Aggregation Defines the set of capabilities that support the identification of specific content within a larger set of content for collection and summarization. All All More Than One More Than One Document Management Defines the set of capabilities that control the capture and maintenance of an organization's documents and files. Classification Defines the set of capabilities that support the categorization of documents. Document Conversion Defines the set of capabilities that support the changing of files from one type of format to another. Document Imaging and OCR Defines the set of capabilities that support the scanning of documents. Document Referencing Defines the set of capabilities that support the redirection to other documents and information for related content. Document Review and Approval Defines the set of capabilities that support the editing and commendation of documents before releasing them. Document Revisions Defines the set of capabilities that support the versioning and editing of content and documents. Indexing Defines the set of capabilities that support the rapid retrieval of documents through a structured numbering construct. Library / Storage Defines the set of capabilities that support document and data warehousing and archiving. All All More Than One More Than One Knowledge Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the identification, gathering and transformation of documents, reports and other sources into meaningful information. Categorization Defines the set of capabilities that allow classification of data and information into specific layers or types to support an organization. Information Mapping / Taxonomy Defines the set of capabilities that support the creation and maintenance of relationships between data entities, naming standards and categorization. Information Retrieval Defines the set of capabilities that allow access to data and information for use by an organization and its stakeholders. Information Sharing Defines the set of capabilities that support the use of documents and data in a multi-user environment for use by an organization and its stakeholders. Knowledge Capture Defines the set of capabilities that facilitate collection of data and information. Knowledge Distribution and Delivery Defines the set of capabilities that support the transfer of knowledge to the end customer. Knowledge Engineering Defines the set of capabilities that support the translation of knowledge from an expert into the knowledge base of an expert system. Smart Documents Defines the set of capabilities that support the interaction of information and process (business logic) rules between users of the document. (i.e. the logic and use of the document is embedded within the document itself and is managed within the document parameters). All All More Than One More Than One Records Management Defines the set of capabilities to support the storage, protection, archiving, classification and retirement of documents and information. Digital Rights Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the claim and ownership of intellectual capital and artifacts belonging to an organization. Document Classification Defines the set of capabilities that support the categorization of documents and artifacts, both electronic and physical. Document Retirement Defines the set of capabilities that support the termination or cancellation of documents and artifacts used by an organization and its stakeholders. Record Linking / Association Defines the set of capabilities that support the correlation between logical data and information sets. All All More Than One More Than One Process Automation Services The Process Automation Services Domain defines the set of capabilities that support the automation of process and management activities that assist in effectively managing the business. The Process Automation Services domain represents those services and capabilities that serve to automate and facilitate the processes associated with tracking, monitoring, maintaining liaison throughout the business cycle of an organization. Routing and Scheduling Defines the set of capabilities for the automatic directing, assignment, or allocation of time for a particular action or event. Inbound Correspondence Management Defines the set of capabilities for the management of externally initiated communication between an organization and its stakeholders. Outbound Correspondence Management Defines the set of capabilities for the management of internally initiated communication between an organization and its stakeholders. All All More Than One More Than One Tracking and Workflow Defines the set of capabilities for automatic monitoring and routing of documents to the users responsible for working on them to support each step of the business cycle. Case Management Defines the set of capabilities for managing the life cycle of a particular claim or investigation within an organization to include creating, routing, tracing, assignment and closing of a case as well as collaboration among case handlers. Conflict Resolution Defines the set of capabilities that support the conclusion of contention or differences within the business cycle. Process Tracking Defines the set of capabilities to allow the monitoring of activities within the business cycle. All All More Than One More Than One Support Services The Support Services Domain defines the set of cross-functional capabilities that can be leveraged independent of Service Domain objective and / or mission. Collaboration Defines the set of capabilities that allow for the concurrent, simultaneous communication and sharing of content, schedules, messages and ideas within an organization. Document Library Defines the set of capabilities that support the grouping and archiving of files and records on a server. Email Defines the set of capabilities that support the transmission of memos and messages over a network. Shared Calendaring Defines the set of capabilities that allow an entire team as well as individuals to view, add and modify each others schedules, meetings and activities. Task Management Defines the set of capabilities that support a specific undertaking or function assigned to an employee. Threaded Discussions Defines the set of capabilities that support the running log of remarks and opinions about a given topic or subject. All All More Than One More Than One Communication Defines the set of capabilities that support the transmission of data, messages and information in multiple formats and protocols. Audio Conferencing Defines the set of capabilities that support audio communications sessions among people who are geographically dispersed. Community Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the administration of online groups that share common interests. Computer / Telephony Integration Defines the set of capabilities that support the connectivity between server hardware, software and telecommunications equipment into a single logical system. Event / News Management Defines the set of capabilities that monitor servers, workstations and network devices for routine and non-routine events. Instant Messaging Defines the set of capabilities that support keyboard conferencing over a Local Area Network or the internet between two or more people. Real-Time / Chat Defines the set of capabilities that support the conferencing capability between two or more users on a local area network or the internet. Video Conferencing Defines the set of capabilities that support video communications sessions among people who are geographically dispersed. Voice Communications Defines the set of capabilities that provide telephony or other voice communications. All All More Than One More Than One Forms Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the creation, modification and usage of physical or electronic documents used to capture information within the business cycle. Forms Creation Defines the set of capabilities that support the design and generation of electronic or physical forms and templates for use within the business cycle by an organization and its stakeholders. Forms Modification Defines the set of capabilities that support the maintenance of electronic or physical forms, templates and their respective elements and fields. All All More Than One More Than One Search Defines the set of capabilities that support the probing and lookup of specific data from a data source. Classification Defines the set of capabilities that support selection and retrieval of records organized by shared characteristics in content or context. Pattern Matching Defines the set of capabilities that support retrieval of records generated from a data source by imputing characteristics based on patterns in the content or context. Precision / Recall Ranking Defines the set of capabilities that support selection and retrieval of records ranked to optimize precision against recall. Query Defines the set of capabilities that support retrieval of records that satisfy specific query selection criteria. All All More Than One More Than One Security Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the protection of an organization's hardware/software and related assets. Access Control Defines the set of capabilities that support the management of permissions for logging onto a computer, application, service, or network; includes user management and role/privilege management. Audit Trail Capture and Analysis Defines the set of capabilities that support the identification and monitoring of activities within an application, system, or network. Digital Signature Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the use and management of electronic signatures to support authentication and data integrity; includes public key infrastructure (PKI). Identification and Authentication Defines the set of capabilities that support obtaining information about those parties attempting to log on to a system or application for security purposes and the validation of those users. Intrusion Detection Defines the set of capabilities that support the detection of unauthorized access to a government information system. Cryptography Defines the set of capabilities that support the use and management of ciphers, including encryption and decryption processes, to ensure confidentiality and integrity of data. Intrusion Prevention Defines the set of capabilities that includes penetration testing and other measures to prevent unauthorized access to a government information system. Incident Response Defines the set of capabilities that provide active response and remediation to a security incident that has allowed unauthorized access to a government information system. Certification and Accreditation Defines the set of capabilities that support the certification and accreditation (C and A) of federal information systems, as described in NIST SP800-37. FISMA Management and Reporting Defines the set of capabilities that support the management and reporting of compliance with the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002. Virus Protection Defines the set of capabilities that provide anti-virus service to prevent, detect, and remediate infection of government computing assets. All All More Than One More Than One Systems Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the administration and upkeep of an organization's technology assets, including the hardware, software, infrastructure, licenses and components that comprise those assets. Issue Tracking Defines the set of capabilities that support the receiving and tracking of user-reported issues and problems in using IT systems, including help desk calls. License Management Defines the set of capabilities that support the purchase, upgrade and tracking of legal usage contracts for system software and applications. Remote Systems Control Defines the set of capabilities that support the monitoring, administration and usage of applications and enterprise systems from locations outside of the immediate system environment. Software Distribution Defines the set of capabilities that support the propagation, installation and upgrade of written computer programs, applications and components. System Resource Monitoring Defines the set of capabilities that support the balance and allocation of memory, usage, disk space and performance on computers and their applications. All All More Than One More Than One Component Framework The Component Framework Area defines the underlying foundation and technical elements by which Service Components are built, integrated and deployed across Component-Based and Distributed Architectures. The Component Framework consists of the design of application or system software that incorporates interfaces for interacting with other programs and for future flexibility and expandability. This includes, but is not limited to, modules that are designed to interoperate with each other at runtime. Business Logic Defines the software, protocol or method in which business rules are enforced within applications. Platform Dependent Technologies Consists of the programming languages and methods for developing software on a specific operating system or platform. Platform Independent Technologies Consists of all software languages able to execute and run on any type of operating system or platform. Data Interchange Data Interchange define the methods data is transferred and represented in and between software applications. Data Exchange Data Exchange is concerned with the sending of data over a communications network and the definition of data communicated from one application to another. Data Exchange provides the communications common denominator between disparate systems. Data Management Data management is the management of all data/information in an organization. It includes data administration, the standards for defining data and the way in which people perceive and use it. Database Connectivity Defines the protocol or method in which an application connects to a data store or data base. Reporting and Analysis Consist of the tools, languages and protocols used to extract data from a data store and process it into useful information. User Presentation / Interface This defines the connection between the user and the software, consisting of the presentation that is physically represented on the screen. Content Rendering This defines the software and protocols used for transforming data for presentation in a graphical user interface. Dynamic / Server-Side Display This consists of the software that is used to create graphical user interfaces with the ability to change while the program is running. Static Display Static Display consists of the software protocols that are used to create a predefined, unchanging graphical interface between the user and the software. Wireless / Mobile / Voice Consists of the software and protocols used for wireless and voice enabled presentation devices. Security Security defines the methods of protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction in order to provide integrity, confidentiality and availability. Biometrics, two factor identification, encryption, and technologies based on the NIST FIPS-140 standards are evolving areas of focus. Certificates / Digital Signature Software used by a certification authority (CA) to issue digital certificates and secure access to information. The evolution of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is based on the verification and authentication of the parties involved in information exchange. Supporting Security Services These consist of the different protocols and components to be used in addition to certificates and digital signatures. Service Access and Delivery Service Access and Delivery defines the collection of Access and Delivery Channels that will be used to leverage the Service Component, and the legislative requirements that govern its use and interaction. Access Channels Access Channels define the interface between an application and its users, whether it is a browser, personal digital assistant or other medium. Collaboration / Communications Define the forms of electronic exchange of messages, documents, or other information. Electronic communication provides efficiency through expedited time of delivery. Other Electronic Channels Define the other various mediums of information exchange and interface between a user and an application. Web Browser Define the program that serves as your front end to the World Wide Web on the Internet. In order to view a site, you type its address (URL) into the browser's location field. Wireless / PDA Define the technologies that use transmission via the airwaves. Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer that serves as an organizer for personal information. It generally includes, at a minimum, a name and address database, to-do list and note taker. Delivery Channels Delivery channels define the level of access to applications and systems based upon the type of network used to deliver them. Extranet An Extranet is a private network that uses the Internet protocol and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company. Internet The Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer. Intranet An Intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise. It may consist of many interlinked local area networks and is used to share company information and resources among employees. Peer to Peer (P2P) Peer to Peer is a class of applications that operate outside the DNS system, have significant or total autonomy from central servers, and take advantage of resources available on the Internet. Virtual Private Network (VPN) A private data network that makes use of the public telecommunication infrastructure, maintaining privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures. Service Requirements Service Requirements define the necessary aspects of an application, system or service to include legislative, performance, and hosting. Authentication / Single Sign-on (SSO) Refers to a method that provides users with the ability to login one time, getting authenticated access to all their applications and resources. Hosting Refers to the service provider who manages and provides availability to a web site or application, often bound to a Service Level Agreement (SLA). The Hosting entity generally maintains a server farm with network support, power backup, fault tolerance, load-balancing, and storage backup. Legislative / Compliance Defines the prerequisites that an application, system or service must have mandated by congress or governing bodies. Service Transport Service Transport defines the end to end management of the communications session to include the access and delivery protocols. Service Transport These consist of the protocols that define the format and structure of data and information that is either accessed from a directory or exchanged through communications. Supporting Network Services These consist of the protocols that define the format and structure of data and information that is either accessed from a directory or exchanged through communications. Service Interface and Integration The Service Interface and Integration Area defines the discovery, interaction and communication technologies joining disparate systems and information providers. SOAs leverage and incorporate Service Interface and Integration standards to provide interoperability and scalability. Integration Integration defines the software services enabling elements of distributed business applications to interoperate. These elements can share function, content, and communications across heterogeneous computing environments. In particular, service integration offers a set of architecture services such as platform and service location transparency, transaction management, basic messaging between two points, and guaranteed message delivery. Enterprise Application Integration Refers to the processes and tools specializing in updating and consolidating applications and data within an enterprise. EAI focuses on leveraging existing legacy applications and data sources so that enterprises can add and migrate to current technologies. Middleware Middleware increases the flexibility, interoperability, and portability of existing infrastructure by linking or "gluing" two otherwise separate applications. Interface Interface defines the capabilities of communicating, transporting and exchanging information through a common dialog or method. Delivery Channels provide the information to reach the intended destination, whereas Interfaces allow the interaction to occur based on a predetermined framework. Service Description / Interface Defines the method for publishing the way in which web services or applications can be used. Service Discovery Defines the method in which applications, systems or web services are registered and discovered. Interoperability Interoperability defines the capabilities of discovering and sharing data and services across disparate systems and vendors. Data Format / Classification Defines the structure of a file. There are hundreds of formats, and every application has many different variations (database, word processing, graphics, executable program, etc.). Each format defines its own layout of the data. The file format for text is the simplest. Data Transformation Data Transformation consists of the protocols and languages that change the presentation of data within a graphical user interface or application. Data Types / Validation Refers to specifications used in identifying and affirming common structures and processing rules. This technique is referenced and abstracted from the content document or source data. Service Platform and Infrastructure The Service Platform and Infrastructure Area defines the collection of platforms, hardware and infrastructure specifications that enable Component Based Architectures and Service Component reuse. Database / Storage Database / Storage refers to a collection of programs that enables storage, modification, and extraction of information from a database, and various techniques and devices for storing large amounts of data. Database Refers to a collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. A database management system (DBMS) is a software application providing management, administration, performance, and analysis tools for databases. Storage Storage devices are designed to provide shared storage access across a network. These devices provide extended storage capabilities to the network with reduced costs compared to traditional file servers. Delivery Servers Delivery Servers are front-end platforms that provide information to a requesting application. It includes the hardware, operating system, server software, and networking protocols. Application Servers In a three-tier environment, a separate computer (application server) performs the business logic, although some part may still be handled by the user's machine. After the Web exploded in the mid 1990s, application servers became Web based. Media Servers Provide optimized management of media based files such as audio and video streams and digital images. Portal Servers Portals represent focus points for interaction, providing integration and single-source corporate information. Web Servers A computer that provides World Wide Web services on the Internet. It includes the hardware, operating system, web server software, TCP/IP protocols and the web site content (web pages). If the web server is used internally and not by the public, it may be known as an "intranet server". Hardware / Infrastructure Defines the physical devices, facilities and standards providing the computing and networking within and between enterprises. Embedded Technology Devices This refers to the various devices and parts that make up a Server or Computer as well as devices that perform specific functionality outside of a Server or Computer. Local Area Network (LAN) A network that interconnects devices over a geographically small area, typically in one building or a part of a building. The most popular LAN type is Ethernet. LANs allow the sharing of resources and the exchange of both video and data. Network Devices / Standards A group of stations (computers, telephones, or other devices) connected by communications facilities for exchanging information. Connection can be permanent, via cable, or temporary, through telephone or other communications links. The transmission medium can be physical (i.e. fiber optic cable) or wireless (i.e. satellite). Peripherals Computer devices that are not part of the essential computer (i.e. the memory and microprocessor). Peripheral devices can be external and internal. Servers / Computers This refers to the various types of programmable machines which are capable of responding to sets of instructions and executing programs. Video Conferencing Communication across long distances with video and audio content that may also include graphics and data exchange. Digital video transmission systems typically consist of camera, codec (coder-decoder), network access equipment, network, and audio system. Wide Area Network (WAN) A data network typically extending a LAN outside a building or beyond a campus. Typically created by using bridges or routers to connect geographically separated LANs. WANs include commercial or educational dialup networks such as CompuServe, InterNet and BITNET. Software Engineering Software engineering covers the technology associated with building software systems as well as technical solutions supporting management issues, such as testing, modeling and versioning. The TRM is concerned with component technical architecture, not engineering processes. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) This consists of the hardware, software and supporting services that facilitate the development of software applications and systems. Modeling Technology that supports the process of representing entities, data, business logic, and capabilities for aiding in software engineering. Software Configuration Management Technology applicable to all aspects of software development from design to delivery specifically focused on the control of all work products and artifacts generated during the development process. Several technical solutions on the market provide the integration of the software configuration management functions. Test Management Technology which supports the consolidation of all testing activities and results. Test Management activities include test planning, designing (test cases), execution, reporting, code coverage, and heuristic and harness development. Support Platforms Support platforms are hardware or software architectures. The term originally dealt with only hardware, and it is still used to refer to a CPU model or computer family. Dependent Platform Defines the operating systems and programming languages able to execute and run on a specific platform or operating system. A platform is the underlying hardware and software comprising a system. Independent Platform Defines the operating systems and programming languages able to execute and run on any platform or operating system. A platform is the underlying hardware and software comprising a system. Wireless / Mobile Radio transmission via the airwaves. Various communications techniques are used to provide wireless transmission including infrared "line of sight", cellular, microwave, satellite, packet radio and spread spectrum. Mission and Business Results The Mission and Business Results Measurement Area of the PRM captures the outputs agencies seek to achieve. These outputs are usually developed during the agency budget and strategic planning process prescribed under GPRA. To identify the Mission and Business Results associated with an IT initiative, an agency will need to refer to its agency performance objectives. Community and Social Services Community and Social Services includes all activities aimed at creating, expanding, or improving community and social development, social relationships, and social services in the United States. This includes all activities aimed at locality-specific or nationwide social development and general social services. This category includes general community development and social services programs, as well as earned and unearned benefit programs that promote these objectives. Home Ownership Promotion Homeownership Promotion includes activities devoted to assisting citizens interested in buying homes and educating the public as to the benefits of homeownership. Community and Regional Development Community and Regional Development involves activities designed to assist communities in preventing and eliminating blight and deterioration, assist economically distressed communities, and encourage and foster economic development through improved public facilities and resources. Social Services Social Services are designed to provide meaningful opportunities for social and economic growth of the disadvantaged sector of the population in order to develop individuals into productive and self-reliant citizens and promote social equity. Included in this category are social welfare services extended to children and adults with special needs, such as the orphaned, neglected, abandoned, disabled, etc. Such services include family life education and counseling, adoption, guardianship, foster family care, rehabilitation services, etc. Postal Service Postal Services provide for the timely and consistent exchange and delivery of mail and packages between businesses, organizations, and residents of the United States or between businesses, organizations, and residents of the United States and the rest of the world. It also includes the nationwide retail infrastructure required to make Postal Services easily accessible to customers. Defense and National Security Protect and advance U.S. interests and, if deterrence fails, decisively defeat threats to those interests. Strategic National and Theater Defense Strategic National and Theater Defense involves establishing national and multinational military objectives; sequencing initiatives; defining limits and assess risks for the use of military and other instruments of national power; developing global plans or theater war plans to achieve these objectives; and providing military forces and other capabilities in accordance with strategic plans. Operational Defense Operational Defense involves linking tactics and strategy by establishing operational objectives needed to accomplish the strategic objectives, sequencing events to achieve the operational objectives, initiating actions, and applying resources to bring about and sustain these events. Tactical Defense Tactical Defense involves focusing on the ordered arrangement and maneuver of combat elements in relation to each other and to the enemy to achieve combat objectives. Disaster Management Disaster Management involves the activities required to prepare for, mitigate, respond to, and repair the effects of all disasters, whether natural or man-made. Disaster Monitoring and Prediction Disaster Monitoring and Prediction involves the actions taken to predict when and where a disaster may take place and communicate that information to affected parties. Disaster Preparedness and Planning Disaster Preparedness and Planning involves the development of response programs to be used in case of a disaster as well as pre-disaster mitigation efforts to minimize the potential for loss of life and property. This involves the development of emergency management programs and activities as well as staffing and equipping regional response centers, and mitigation focused construction and preparation. Disaster Repair and Restore Disaster Repair and Restore involves the cleanup and restoration activities that take place after a disaster. This involves the cleanup and rebuilding of homes, buildings, roads, environmental resources, or infrastructure that may be damaged due to a disaster. Emergency Response Emergency Response involves the immediate actions taken to respond to a disaster. These actions include, but are not limited to, providing mobile telecommunications, operational support, power generation, search and rescue, and medical life-saving actions. Economic Development Economic Development includes the activities required to promote commercial/industrial development and to regulate the American financial industry to protect investors. It also includes the management and control of the domestic economy and the money supply, and the protection of intellectual property and innovation. Business and Industry Development Business and Industry Development supports activities related to the creation of economic and business opportunities and stimulus, and the promotion of financial and economic stability for corporations and citizens involved in different types of business. Industry Sector Income Stabilization Industry Sector Income Stabilization involves all programs and activities devoted to assisting adversely impacted industrial sectors (farming, commercial transportation, etc.) to ensure the continued availability of their services for the American public and the longterm economic stability of these sectors. Intellectual Property Protection Intellectual Property Protection involves all activities to protect and promote the ownership of ideas and control over the tangible or virtual representation of those ideas, including inventions and discoveries; literary and artistic works; and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Financial Sector Oversight Financial Sector Oversight involves the regulation of private sector firms and markets (stock exchanges, corporations, etc.) to protect investors from fraud, monopolies, and illegal behavior. This also includes deposit protection. Education Education refers to those activities that impart knowledge or understanding of a particular subject to the public. Education can take place at a formal school, college, university or other training program. This category includes all government programs that promote the education of the public, including both earned and unearned benefit programs. Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education refers to the provision of education in elementary subjects (reading and writing and arithmetic); education provided by a high school or college preparatory school; and vocational and technical education and training. Higher Education Higher Education refers to education beyond the secondary level; specifically, education provided by a college or university. Cultural and Historic Preservation Cultural and Historic Preservation involves all activities performed by the federal government to collect and preserve information and artifacts important to the culture and history of the United States and its citizenry and the education of U.S. citizens and the world. Cultural and Historic Exhibition Cultural and Historic Exhibition includes all activities undertaken by the U.S. government to promote education through the exhibition of cultural, historical, and other information, archives, art, etc. Energy Energy refers to all actions performed by the government to ensure the procurement and management of energy resources, including the production, sale and distribution of energy, as well as the management of spent fuel resources. Energy management includes all types of mass-produced energy (e.g., hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, solar, or fossil fuels). Energy Supply Energy Supply involves all activities devoted to ensuring the availability of an adequate supply of energy for the United States and its citizens. Energy Conservation and Preparedness Energy Conservation and Preparedness involves protection of energy resources from over consumption to ensure the continued availability of fuel resources and to promote environmental protection. Energy Resource Management Energy Resource Management involves the management and oversight of energy producing resources including facilities, dams, land, and offshore resources. Energy Production Energy Production involves the transformation of raw energy resources into useable, deliverable energy. Environmental Management Environmental Management includes all functions required to monitor the environment and weather, determine proper environmental standards and ensure their compliance, and address environmental hazards and contamination. Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting involves the observation and prediction of environmental conditions. This includes but is not limited to the monitoring and forecasting of water quality, water levels, ice sheets, air quality, regulated and nonregulated emissions, as well as the observation and prediction of weather patterns and conditions. Environmental Remediation Environmental Remediation supports the immediate and long-term activities associated with the correcting and offsetting of environmental deficiencies or imbalances, including restoration activities. Pollution Prevention and Control Pollution Prevention and Control includes activities associated with identifying appropriate pollution standards and controlling levels of harmful substances emitted into the soil, water and atmosphere from manmade sources. Environmental mitigation projects are also included. Law Enforcement Law Enforcement involves activities to protect people, places, and things from criminal activity resulting from non-compliance with U.S. laws. This includes patrols, undercover operations, response to emergency calls, as well as arrests, raids, and seizures of property. Criminal Apprehension Criminal Apprehension involves activities associated with the tracking, arrest, detention, and transportation of groups or individuals believed to be responsible for committing federal crimes. Criminal Investigation and Surveillance Criminal Investigation and Surveillance includes collecting evidence required to determine responsibility for a crime and monitoring and questioning affected parties. Citizen Protection Citizen Protection involves all activities performed to protect the general population of the United States from criminal activity. Crime Prevention Crime Prevention entails all efforts designed to create safer communities through the control and reduction of crime by addressing the causes of crime and reducing opportunities for crimes to occur. Leadership Protection Leadership Protection involves all activities performed to protect the health and well being of the president, vice-president, their families, foreign leaders and dignitaries, and other high-level government officials. Property Protection Property Protection entails all activities performed to ensure the security of civilian and government property as well as foreign diplomatic missions. Substance Control Substance Control supports activities associated with the enforcement of laws regarding legal substances (i.e., alcohol and tobacco) and illegal narcotics including trafficking, possession, sale, distribution, and other related activities. Litigation and Judicial Activities Litigation and Judicial Activities refer to those activities relating to the administration of justice. Judicial Hearing Judicial Hearings includes activities associated with proceedings (usually by a court of law) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence. Legal Defense Legal Defense includes those activities associated with the representation of a defendant in a criminal or civil proceeding. Legal Investigation Legal Investigation includes activities associated with gathering information about a given party (government agency, citizen or corporation) that would be admissible in a court of law in an attempt to determine a legal question or matter. Legal Prosecution and Litigation Legal Prosecution and Litigation includes all activities involved with presenting a case in a legal proceeding both in a criminal or civil court of law in an attempt to prove guilt/responsibility. Resolution Facilitation Resolution Facilitation refers to those activities outside a court of law, such as mediation and arbitration, which may be used in an attempt to settle a dispute between two or more parties (government agency, citizen, or corporation). Correctional Activities Correctional Activities involves all federal activities that ensure the effective incarceration and rehabilitation of convicted criminals. Criminal Incarceration Criminal Incarceration includes activities associated with the housing, custody and general care of criminals serving time in penitentiaries. Criminal Rehabilitation Criminal Rehabilitation includes all government activities devoted to providing convicted criminals with the educational resources and life skills necessary to rejoin society as responsible and contributing members. Health Health involves federal programs and activities to ensure and provide for the health and well being of the public. This includes the direct provision of health care services and immunizations as well as the monitoring and tracking of public health indicators for the detection of trends and identification of widespread illnesses/diseases. It also includes both earned and unearned health care benefit programs. Access to Care Access to Care focuses on the access to appropriate care. This includes streamlining efforts to receive care; ensuring care is appropriate in terms of type, care, intensity, location and availability; providing seamless access to health knowledge, enrolling providers; performing eligibility determination, and managing patient movement. Population Health Management and Consumer Safety Population Health Management and Consumer Safety assesses health indicators and consumer products as a means to protect and promote the health of the general population. This includes monitoring of health, health planning, and health management of humans, animals, animal products, and plants, as well as tracking the spread of diseases and pests. Also includes evaluation of consumer products, drug, and foods to assess the potential risks and dangers; education of the consumer and the general population; and facilitation of health promotion and disease and injury prevention. Health Care Delivery Services Health Care Delivery Services provides and supports the delivery of health care to its beneficiaries. This includes assessing health status; planning health services; ensuring quality of services and continuity of care; and managing clinical information and documentation. Health Care Administration Health Care Administration assures that federal health care resources are expended effectively to ensure quality, safety, and efficiency. This includes managing health care quality, cost, workload, utilization, and fraud/abuse efforts. Health Care Research and Practitioner Education Health Care Research and Practitioner Education fosters advancement in health discovery and knowledge. This includes developing new strategies to handle diseases; promoting health knowledge advancement; identifying new means for delivery of services, methods, decision models and practices; making strides in quality improvement; managing clinical trials and research quality; and providing for practitioner education. Homeland Security Homeland Security involves protecting the nation against terrorist attacks. This includes analyzing threats and intelligence, guarding borders and airports, protecting critical infrastructure, and coordinating responses to emergencies. The Homeland Security category is defined by the President's Strategy on Homeland Security. Border and Transportation Security Border and Transportation Security includes appropriately facilitating or deterring entry and exit of people, goods, and conveyances at and between U.S. ports of entry, as well as ensuring the security of transportation and infrastructure networks, facilities, vehicles, and personnel within the United States. Key Asset and Critical Infrastructure Protection Key Asset and Critical Infrastructure Protection involves assessing key asset and critical infrastructure vulnerabilities and taking direct action to mitigate vulnerabilities, enhance security, and ensure continuity and necessary redundancy in government operations and personnel. Catastrophic Defense Catastrophic Defense involves the development of technological countermeasures (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) to terrorist threats, conducting laboratory testing on new and promising devices, and conducting basic and applied science that can lead to the development of countermeasures. Income Security Income Security includes activities designed to ensure that members of the public are provided with the necessary means both financial and otherwise to sustain an adequate level of existence. This includes all benefit programs, both earned and unearned, that promote these goals for members of the public. General Retirement and Disability General Retirement and Disability involves the development and management of retirement benefits, pensions, and income security for those who are retired or disabled Unemployment Compensation Unemployment Compensation provides income security to those who are no longer employed, while they seek new employment. Housing Assistance Housing Assistance involves the development and management programs that provide housing to those who are unable to provide housing for themselves including the rental of single-family or multifamily properties, and the management and operation of federally supported housing properties. Food and Nutrition Assistance Food and Nutrition Assistance involves the development and management of programs that provide food and nutrition assistance to those members of the public who are unable to provide for these needs themselves. Survivor Compensation Survivor Compensation provides compensation to the survivors of individuals currently receiving or eligible to receive benefits from the federal government. This includes, but is not limited to, survivors such as spouses or children of veterans or wage earners eligible for social security payments. Intelligence Operations Intelligence Operations involves collecting and analyzing information and taking action to meet the national security challenges of the U.S. and its allies, when appropriate, by processing foreign and domestic intelligence; disseminating intelligence products to policymakers, military commanders, warfighters and other consumers; and performing activities in support of U.S. policy objectives. Intelligence Planning Intelligence Planning involves developing strategies focused on intelligence requirements, prioritizing these requirements, and managing these requirements (adding, deleting and modifying). Intelligence Collection Intelligence Collection involves acquiring raw data and provisioning the data to processing elements. Intelligence Processing Intelligence Processing involves converting collected raw data into forms suitable for analysis. Intelligence Analysis and Production Intelligence Analysis and Production consists of integrating, evaluating, and/or interpreting information from single or multiple sources into intelligence satisfying consumer needs and preparing intelligence products in support of known or anticipated consumers. Intelligence Dissemination Intelligence Dissemination consists of delivering intelligence products to consumers. International Affairs and Commerce International Affairs and Commerce involves the nonmilitary activities that promote U.S. policies and interests beyond our national borders, including the negotiation of conflict resolution, treaties, and agreements. In addition, this category includes: foreign economic development and social/political development; diplomatic relations with other nations; humanitarian, technical and other developmental assistance to key nations; and global trade. Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs refers to those activities associated with the implementation of foreign policy and diplomatic relations, including the operation of embassies, consulates, and other posts; ongoing membership in international organizations; the development of cooperative frameworks to improve relations with other nations; and the development of treaties and agreements. International Development and Humanitarian Aid International Development and Humanitarian Aid refers to those activities related to the implementation of development and humanitarian assistance programs to developing and transitioning countries throughout the world. Development and aid may include technical assistance (the transfer of knowledge and expertise), and the delivery of equipment, commodities and urgent humanitarian assistance including food aid. Global Trade Global Trade refers to those activities the federal government undertakes to advance worldwide economic prosperity by increasing trade through the opening of overseas markets and freeing the flow of goods, services, and capital. Natural Resources Natural Resources includes all activities involved in conservation planning, land management, and national park/monument tourism that affect the nation's natural and recreational resources, both private and federal. Water Resource Management Water Resource Management includes all activities that promote the effective use and management of the nation's water resources. Conservation, Marine and Land Management Conservation, Marine and Land Management involves the responsibilities of surveying, maintaining, and operating public lands and monuments, as well as activities devoted to ensuring the preservation of land, water, wildlife, and natural resources, both domestically and internationally. It also includes the sustainable stewardship of natural resources on federally owned/controlled lands for commercial use (mineral mining, grazing, forestry, fishing, etc.). Recreational Resource Management and Tourism Recreational Resource Management and Tourism involves the management of national parks, monuments, and tourist attractions as well as visitor centers, campsites, and park service facilities. Agricultural Innovation and Services Agricultural Innovation and Services involves the creation and dissemination of better methods for farming and forestry, including the development of improved and healthier agricultural and forestry products. Transportation Transportation involves all federally supported activities related to the safe passage, conveyance, or transportation of goods and/or people. Air Transportation Air Transportation involves the activities related to the safe passage of passengers or goods through the air. It also includes command and control activities related to the safe movement of aircraft through all phases of flight for commercial and military operations. Ground Transportation Ground Transportation involves the activities related to ensuring the availability of transit and the safe passage of passengers and goods over land. Water Transportation Water Transportation involves the activities related to ensuring the availability of transit and the safe passage of passengers and goods over sea and water. Space Operations Space Operations involves the activities related to the safe launches/missions of passengers or goods into aerospace and includes commercial, scientific, and military operations. Workforce Management Workforce Management includes those activities that promote the welfare of the nation's workforce by improving their working conditions, advancing opportunities for profitable employment, and strengthening free collective bargaining. Training and Employment Training and Employment includes programs of job or skill training, employment services and placement, and programs to promote the hiring of marginal, unemployed, or low-income workers. Labor Rights Management Labor Rights Management refers to those activities undertaken to ensure that employees and employers are aware of and comply with all statutes and regulations concerning labor rights, including those pertaining to wages, benefits, safety and health, whistleblower, and non-discrimination policies. Worker Safety Worker Safety refers to those activities undertaken to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America's workers. General Science and Innovation General Science and Innovation includes all federal activities to meet the national need to advance knowledge in this area. This includes general research and technology programs, space exploration activities, and other research and technology programs that have diverse goals. Scientific and Technological Research and Innovation Scientific and Technological Research and Innovation includes all federal activities whose goal is the creation of new scientific and/or technological knowledge as a goal in itself. Space Exploration and Innovation Space Exploration and Innovation includes all activities devoted to innovations directed at human and robotic space flight and the development and operation of space launch and transportation systems, and the general research and exploration of outer space. Controls and Oversight Controls and Oversight ensures that the operations and programs of the federal government and its external business partners comply with applicable laws and regulations and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse. Corrective Action Corrective Action involves the enforcement of activities to remedy internal or external programs that have been found noncompliant with a given law, regulation, or policy. Program Evaluation Program Evaluation involves the analysis of internal and external program effectiveness and the determination of corrective actions as appropriate. Program Monitoring Program Monitoring involves the data gathering activities required to determine the effectiveness of internal and external programs and the extent to which they comply with related laws, regulations, and policies. Internal Risk Management and Mitigation Internal Risk Management and Mitigation involves all activities relating to the processes of analyzing exposure to risk and determining appropriate countermeasures. Contingency Planning Contingency Planning involves the actions required to plan for, respond to, and mitigate damaging events. Continuity of Operations Continuity of Operations involves the activities associated with the identification of critical systems and processes, and the planning and preparation required to ensure that these systems and processes will be available in the event of a catastrophic event. Service Recovery Service Recovery involves the internal actions necessary to develop a plan for resuming operations after a catastrophic event occurs. Legislative Relations Legislative Relations involves activities aimed at the development, tracking, and amendment of public laws through the legislative branch of the federal government. Legislation Tracking Legislation Tracking involves monitoring legislation from introduction to enactment. Legislation Testimony Legislation Testimony involves activities associated with providing testimony/evidence in support of, or opposition to, legislation. Proposal Development Proposal Development involves drafting proposed legislation that creates or amends laws subject to Congressional action. Congressional Liaison Operations Congressional Liaison Operations involves all activities associated with supporting the formal relationship between a federal agency and the U.S. Congress. Regulatory Development Regulatory Development involves activities associated with developing regulations, policies, and guidance to implement laws. Policy and Guidance Development Policy and Guidance Development involves the creation and dissemination of guidelines to assist in the interpretation and implementation of regulations. Public Comment Tracking Public Comment Tracking involves the activities of soliciting, maintaining, and responding to public comments regarding proposed regulations. Regulatory Creation Regulatory Creation involves the activities of researching and drafting proposed and final regulations. Rule Publication Rule Publication includes all activities associated with the publication of a proposed or final rule in the Federal Register and Code of Federal Regulations. Planning and Budgeting Planning and Budgeting involves the activities of determining strategic direction, identifying and establishing programs and processes, and allocating resources (capital and labor) among those programs and processes. Budget Formulation Budget Formulation involves all activities undertaken to determine priorities for future spending and to develop an itemized forecast of future funding and expenditures during a targeted period of time. This includes the collection and use of performance information to assess the effectiveness of programs and develop budget priorities. Capital Planning Capital Planning involves the processes for ensuring that appropriate investments are selected for capital expenditures. Enterprise Architecture Enterprise Architecture is an established process for describing the current state and defining the target state and transition strategy for an organization's people, processes, and technology. Strategic Planning Strategic Planning entails the determination of annual and long-term goals and the identification of the best approach for achieving those goals. Budget Execution Budget Execution involves the legal (apportionment) and managerial (allotment and sub-allotment) distribution of budget authority to achieve results consistent with the formulated budget. Workforce Planning Workforce Planning involves the processes for identifying the workforce competencies required to meet the agency's strategic goals and for developing the strategies to meet these requirements. Management Improvement Management Improvement includes all efforts to gauge the ongoing efficiency of business processes and identify opportunities for reengineering or restructuring. Budget and Performance Integration Budget and Performance Integration involves activities that align Federal resources allocated through budget formulation, execution, and management actions with examinations of program objectives, performance, and demonstrated results such as Program Performance Assessments, Government Performance Results Act (GPRA) plans and reports, performance-based agency budget submissions, and Financial Management Cost Accounting and Performance Measurement data. Tax and Fiscal Policy Tax and Fiscal Policy encompasses analysis of the implications for economic growth and stability in the United States and the world of Federal tax and spending policies. This includes assessing the sustainability of current programs and policies, the best means for raising revenues, the distribution of tax liabilities, and the appropriate limits on debt. Public Affairs Public Affairs involves the exchange of information and communication between the federal government, citizens and stakeholders in direct support of citizen services, public policy, and/or national interest. Customer Service Customer Service supports activities associated with providing an agency's customers with information regarding the agency's service offerings and managing the interactions and relationships with those customers. Official Information Dissemination Official Information Dissemination includes all efforts to provide official government information to external stakeholders through the use of various types of media, such as video, paper, web, etc. Product Outreach Product Outreach relates to the marketing of government services products, and programs to the general public in an attempt to promote awareness and increase the number of customers/beneficiaries of those services and programs. Public Relations Public Relations involves the efforts to promote an organization's image through the effective handling of citizen concerns. Revenue Collection Revenue Collection includes the collection of Government income from all sources. Debt Collection Debt Collection supports activities associated with the collection of money owed to the U.S. government from both foreign and domestic sources. User Fee Collection User Fee Collection involves the collection of fees assessed on individuals or organizations for the provision of Government services and for the use of Government goods or resources (i.e. National Parks). Federal Asset Sales Federal Asset Sales encompasses the activities associated with the acquisition, oversight, tracking, and sale of non-internal assets managed by the federal government with a commercial value and sold to the private sector. General Government General Government involves the general overhead costs of the federal government, including legislative and executive activities; provision of central fiscal, personnel, and property activities; and the provision of services that cannot reasonably be classified in any other Line of Business. Central Fiscal Operations Central Fiscal Operations includes the fiscal operations that the Department of Treasury performs on behalf of the government. Legislative Functions Legislative Functions include the costs of the Legislative Branch except for the Tax Court, the Library of Congress, and the Government Printing Office revolving fund. Executive Functions Executive Functions involve the Executive Office of the President. Central Property Management Central Property Management involves most of the operations of the General Services Administration. Central Personnel Management Central Personnel Management involves most of the operating costs of the Office of Personnel Management and related agencies. Taxation Management Taxation Management includes activities associated with the implementation of the Internal Revenue Code and the collection of taxes in the United States and abroad. Central Records and Statistics Management Central Records and Statistics Management involves the operations surrounding the management of official documents, statistics, and records for the entire federal government. Administrative Management Administrative Management involves the day-to-day management and maintenance of the internal infrastructure. Facilities, Fleet and Equipment Management Facilities, Fleet, and Equipment Management involves the maintenance, administration, and operation of office buildings, fleets, machinery, and other capital assets that are possessions of the federal government. Help Desk Services Help Desk Services involves the management of a service center to respond to government and contract employees' technical and administrative questions. Security Management Security Management involves the physical protection of an organization's personnel, assets, and facilities (including security clearance management). Travel Travel involves the activities associated with planning, preparing, and monitoring of business related travel for an organization's employees. Workplace Policy Development and Management Workplace Policy Development and Management includes all activities required tocdevelop and disseminate workplace policies such as dress codes, time reporting requirements, telecommuting, etc. Financial Management The use of financial information to measure, operate and predict the effectiveness and efficiency of an entity's activities in relation to its objectives. The ability to obtain and use such information is usually characterized by having in place policies, standards, and a system of controls that reliably capture and report activity in a consistent manner. Accounting Accounting entails accounting for assets, liabilities, fund balances, revenues and expenses associated with the maintenance of federal funds and expenditure of federal appropriations (Salaries and Expenses, Operation and Maintenance, Procurement, Working Capital, Trust Funds, etc.), in accordance with applicable federal standards (FASAB, Treasury, OMB, GAO, etc.). Funds Control Funds Control includes the management of the federal budget process including the development of plans and programs, budgets, and performance outputs as well as financing federal programs and operations through appropriation and apportionment of direct and reimbursable spending authority, fund transfers, investments and other financing mechanisms. Payments Payments includes disbursements of federal funds, via a variety of mechanisms, to federal and private individuals, federal agencies, state, local and international governments, and the private sector, to effect payment for goods and services, or distribute entitlements, benefits, grants, subsidies, loans, or claims. Collections and Receivables Collections and Receivables includes deposits, fund transfers, and receipts for sales or service. Asset and Liability Management Asset and Liability Management provides accounting support for the management of assets and liabilities of the Federal government. Reporting and Information Reporting and Information includes providing financial information, reporting and analysis of financial transactions. Cost Accounting / Performance Measurement Cost Accounting / Performance Measurement is the process of accumulating, measuring, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting cost information useful to both internal and external groups concerned with the way in which an organization uses, accounts for, safeguards, and controls its resources to meet its objectives. Cost accounting information is necessary in establishing strategic goals, measuring service efforts and accomplishments, and relating efforts to accomplishments. Also, cost accounting, financial accounting, and budgetary accounting all draw information from common data sources. Human Resource Management Human Resource Management involves all activities associated with the recruitment and management of personnel. HR Strategy HR Strategy develops effective human capital management strategies to ensure federal organizations are able to recruit, select, develop, train, and manage a high-quality, productive workforce in accordance with merit system principles. This sub-function includes: conducting both internal and external environmental scans; developing human resources and human capital strategies and plans; establishing human resources policy and practices; managing current and future workforce competencies; developing workforce plans; developing succession plans; managing the human resources budget; providing human resources and human capital consultative support; and measuring and improving human resources performance. Benefits Management Benefits Management designs, develops, and implements benefit programs that attract, retain and support current and former agency employees. This includes: establishing and communicating benefits programs; processing benefits actions; and interacting as necessary with third party benefits providers. Staff Acquisition Staff Acquisition establishes procedures for recruiting and selecting high-quality, productive employees with the right skills and competencies, in accordance with merit system principles. This sub-function includes: developing a staffing strategy and plan; establishing an applicant evaluation approach; announcing the vacancy, sourcing and evaluating candidates against the competency requirements for the position; initiating pre-employment activities; and hiring employees. Labor Relations Labor Relations manages the relationship between the agency and its unions and bargaining units. This includes negotiating and administering labor contracts and collective bargaining agreements; managing negotiated grievances; and participating in negotiated third party proceedings. Employee Relations Employee Relations designs, develops, and implements programs that strive to maintain an effective employer-employee relationship that balance the agency's needs against its employees' rights. This includes: addressing employee misconduct; addressing employee performance problems; managing administrative grievances; providing employee accommodation; administering employees assistance programs; participating in administrative third party proceedings; and determining candidate/employee suitability based on information collected outside of the HR process (e.g., background investigation, drug testing, etc.). Compensation Management Compensation Management designs, develops, and implements compensation programs that attract, retain and fairly compensate agency employees. In addition, designs, develops, and implements pay for performance compensation programs to recognize and reward high performance, with both base pay increases and performance bonus payments. This includes: developing and implementing discretionary, alternative, and non-discretionary compensation programs; administering bonus and monetary awards programs; administering pay changes; managing time, attendance, leave and pay; and managing payroll. Employee Performance Management Employee Performance Management designs, develops, and implements a comprehensive performance management approach to ensure agency employees are demonstrating competencies required of their work assignments. Design, develop and implement a comprehensive performance management strategy that enables managers to make distinctions in performance and links individual performance to agency goal and mission accomplishment. This also includes managing employee performance at the individual level and evaluating the overall effectiveness of the agency's employee development approach. Human Resources Development Human Resources Development designs, develops, and implements a comprehensive employee development approach to ensure that agency employees have the right competencies and skills for current and future work assignments. This includes conducting employee development needs assessments; designing employee development programs; administering and delivering employee development programs; and evaluating the overall effectiveness of the agency's employee development approach. Organization and Position Management Organization and Position Management designs, develops, and implements organizational and position structures that create a high-performance, competency-driven framework that both advances the agency mission and serves agency human capital needs. Separation Management Separation Management conducts efficient and effective employee separation programs that assist employees in transitioning to non-Federal employment; facilitates the removal of unproductive, non-performing employees; and assists employees in transitioning to retirement. Information and Technology Management Information and Technology Management involves the coordination of information and technology resources and systems required to support or provide a service. Lifecycle/Change Management Lifecycle/Change Management involves the processes that facilitate a smooth evolution, composition, and workforce transition of the design and implementation of changes to agency resources such as assets, methodologies, systems, or procedures. System Development System Development supports all activities associated with the in-house design and development of software applications. System Maintenance System Maintenance supports all activities associated with the maintenance of in-house designed software applications. IT Infrastructure Maintenance IT Infrastructure Maintenance involves the planning, design, and maintenance of an IT Infrastructure to effectively support automated needs (i.e. platforms, networks, servers, printers, etc.). Information Security Information Security involves all functions pertaining to the protection of federal information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruptions, modification, or destruction, as well as the creation and implementation of security policies, procedures and controls. Record Retention Record Retention involves the operations surrounding the management of the official documents and records for an agency. Information Management Information Management involves the coordination of information collection, storage, and dissemination, and destruction as well as managing the policies, guidelines, and standards regarding information management. Information Sharing Information Sharing relates to any method or function, for a given business area, facilitating: data being received in a usable medium by one or more departments or agencies as provided by a separate department or agency or other entity; and data being provided, disseminated or otherwise made available or accessible by one department or agency for use by one or more separate departments or agencies, or other entities, as appropriate. System and Network Monitoring System and Network Monitoring supports all activities related to the real-time monitoring of systems and networks for optimal performance. Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management involves the purchasing, tracking, and overall management of goods and services. Goods Acquisition Goods Acquisition involves the procurement of physical goods, products, and capital assets to be used by the federal government. Inventory Control Inventory Control refers to the tracking of information related to procured assets and resources with regard to quantity, quality, and location. Logistics Management Logistics Management involves the planning and tracking of personnel and their resources in relation to their availability and location. Services Acquisition Services Acquisition involves the oversight and/or management of contractors and service providers from the private sector. Customer Results The Customer Results Measurement Area of the PRM captures how well an agency or specific process within an agency is serving its customersand ultimately citizens. The Customer Results Measurement Indicator captured in this Measurement Area will be associated with the most external customer of the process or activity the IT initiative supports (e.g. citizens, businesses, or other governments). Customer Benefit Customer satisfaction levels and tangible impacts to customers as a result of the products or services provided. Customer Satisfaction Customer Retention Customer Impact or Burden Customer Complaints Customer Training Service Coverage The extent to which the desired customer population is being served and customers are using products and services. New Customers and Market Penetration Frequency and Depth Service Efficiency Timeliness and Responsiveness Time to respond to customer inquiries and requests and time to deliver products or services. Response Time Delivery Time Service Quality Quality from the customer's perspective and accuracy of responses to customer inquiries. Accuracy of Service or Product Delivered Service Accessibility Availability of products and services to customers and the extent of self-service options and automation. Access Service Availability Automation Integration Processes and Activities The Processes and Activities Measurement Area captures the outputs directly resulting from the process an IT initiative supports. This Measurement Area also captures key aspects of processes or activities required to be monitored and/or improved. Financial Achieving financial measures, direct and indirect total and per unit costs of producing products and services, and costs saved or avoided. Financial Management Costs Planning Savings and Cost Avoidance Productivity The amount of work accomplished per relevant units of time and resources applied. Productivity Efficiency Cycle Time and Timeliness The time required to produce products or services. Cycle Time Timeliness Quality Error rates and complaints related to products or services. Errors Complaints Security and Privacy The extent to which security is improved and privacy addressed. Security Privacy Management and Innovation Management policies and procedures, compliance with applicable requirements, capabilities in risk mitigation, knowledge management, and continuous improvement. Participation Policies Compliance Risk Knowledge Management Innovation and Improvement Technology The Technology Measurement Area captures key elements of performance directly relating to the IT initiative. An IT initiative can include applications, infrastructure, or services provided in support of a process or program. While these IT-specific aspects of performance (e.g. percent system availability) are important, they alone do not truly assess the value of an IT initiative to overall performance. The Technology Measurement Area attains far more relevance only when used with other Measurement Areas to get a full and accurate picture of overall performance. Technology Costs Technology-related costs and costs avoided through reducing or eliminating IT redundancies. Overall Costs Licensing Costs Support Costs Operations and Maintenance Costs Training and User Costs Quality Assurance The extent to which technology satisfies functionality or capability requirements or best practices, and complies with standards. Functionality IT Composition Standards Compliance and Deviations Efficiency System or application performance in terms of response time, interoperability, user accessibility, and improvement in technical capabilities or characteristics. System Response Time Interoperability Accessibility Load levels Technology Improvement Information and Data Data or information sharing, standardization, reliability and quality, and storage capacity. External Data Sharing Data Standardization or Tagging Internal Data Sharing Data Reliability and Quality Data Storage Reliability and Availability System or application capacity, availability to users, and system or application failures. Availability Reliability Effectiveness Extent to which users are satisfied with the relevant application or system, whether it meets user requirements, and its impact on the performance of the process(es) it enables and the customer or mission results to which it contributes. User Satisfaction User Requirements IT Contribution to Process, Customer, or Mission